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COMPLETE 


THE  LIBRARY 

OF 

THE  UNIVERSITY 

OF  CALIFORNIA 

LOS  ANGELES 


McKee      Shorthand 

Formerly   Known    as 
McKee' s  New  Standard  Sl^ortl^and 


A  New  and  Simplified   Method  of  Brief  Phono- 
graphic    Writing,     Adapted    to    ai.l    the 
Uses    Made    of    Shorthand    Writ- 
ing    IN     Modern     Times. 


By 


EIGHTEENTH   EDITION 

With   Complete  Key 


McKee  Publishing  Company 

Ester o,  Fla.' 

1909 


Entered  according  to  act  of  Congress  in  the  year  1S91, 

By  C.  E.  McKee, 

in  the  office  of  the  Librarian  of  Congress  at  Washington. 


Principles  secured  by  special  copyright. 


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I 


PREFACE. 


The  system  which  this  work  sets  forth  is  a  new  method 
of  shorthand  writing,  constructed  with  the  object  of  more 
fully  meeting  the  demands  of  modern  times.  It  is  the 
result  of  much  study,  practice  and  investigation,  and  the 
principles  embodied  in  it  are  largely  those  which  short- 
hand investigators  have  recognized  as  being  the  proper 
ones  necessary  to  the  producing  of  an  ideal  system  of 
shorthand  writing. 
^  The  author  had  for  a  number  of  years  worked  at  the 
formation  of  what  he  considered  a  perfect  system  of 
shorthand  writing — a  system  which  would  : 


DC 

<: 

ao  I.     Write  the  English   language  without  the  use  of 


position  in  any  way. 

II.  Which  would  employ  a  phonetic  alphabet  of  char- 
acters capable  of  expressing  all  vowels  and  consonants 
without  lifting  the  pen. 

III.  Which  would  use  a  set  of  simple  rules  for  con- 
tracting^ applicable  to  all  characters  alike. 

IV.  Which  would  write  all  words  without  the  use  of 
detached  prefixes  and  suffixes  or  arbitrary  signs. 

V.  Which  would  employ  but  two  hooks,  large  and 
small,  each  representing  but  one  sound  in  all  places, 
and  uniting  with  all  characters  alike. 

VI.  Which  would  secure  outlines  that  could  be 
written  with  perfect  ease  and  great  rapidity  without 
becoming  distorted  and  illegible. 

45228^;* 


'  NEW    STANDARD    SHORTHAND. 

VII.  Which  would  do  away  with  ticlc  characters  in 
the  alphabet  and  permit  strokes,  however  short  or  long, 
to  represent  but  the  one  sound. 

VIII.  Which  would  harmonize  the  alphabet  and  prin- 
ciples so  as  to  produce  analogous  outlines  and  a  brevity 
suflficient  for  the  most  rapid  work  without  resorting  to 
numerous  contracted  forms. 

IX.  Which  would  employ  shading  in  such  a  manner 
as  to  make  the  legibility  of  the  writing  dependent  upon 
it  as  little  as  possible. 

X.  Which  would  present  the  whole  system  complete 
in  one  text-book  in  as  simple  a  manner  as  possible  and 
in  such  order  as  to  prevent  unlearning  or  unnecessary 
work  on  the  part  of  the  student.  And,  lastly,  a  system 
which  would  be  so  combined  in  all  its  parts  as  to  repre- 
sent language  with  absolute  legibility  and  record  the 
most  rapid  utterances  of  human  speech  on  the  most 
technical  subjects  with  certainty. 

For  some  time  the  author's  efforts  fell  short  of  so 
high  an  ideal,  but  after  the  construction  of  a  number 
of  systems,  and  the  publication  and  use  of  two  which 
have  met  with  no  small  amount  of  success,  we  are 
happy  to  be  able  to  state  that  our  final  efforts  have 
been  crowned  with  results  which  even  exceeded  our 
expectations,  and  we  have  a  realization  of  the  ideal 
system  in  New  Standard  Shorthand. 

The  practicability  of  a  system  based  upon  and  em- 
bodying such  principles  as  the  foregoing  must  be 
conceded   by  all    fair   minded   people. 


PREFACE.  7 

Great  pains  have  been  taken  in  the  production  of 
the  text-book  of  instruction,  to  make  it  thorough, 
complete  and  concise,  and  to  render  it  as  perfect  a 
self-instructor  as   is   possible   to   be   done. 

On  each  page  of  engraved  matter  a  key  is  given  to 
a  sufficient  number  of  lines,  to  enable  the  student  to 
understand  the  practical  working  of  the  rule  ;  while 
the  remaining  part  of  the  plate  is  without  a  key  and 
is  to  be  read  Irom  the  learner's  own  knowledge  and 
understanding  of  the  principle.  It  is  believed  that 
this  plan  is  by  far  the  best  for  leading  the  student 
out  to  think  and  act  for  himself — a  point  which  he 
must  sooner  or  later  acquire  in  order  to  reach  any 
success. 

Words  which  are  contracted  have,  as  far  as  possible, 
been  presented  in  connection  with  the  lesson  explaining 
the  principle  by  which  they  are  written.  This  arrange- 
ment enables  the  student  to  learn  them  in  a  classified 
manner  and  at  a  time  when  the  rule  by  which  they  are 
written  is  fresh  in  the  memory. 

At  different  stages  of  the  subject  matter  we  have 
given  plates  of  easy  sentences,  which  form  an  excellent 
review  of  past  work,  and  which  will  lead  the  student 
to  a  knowledge  of  the  requirements  of  actual  shorthand 
writing  at  a  time  in  his  progress  when  such  a  realization 
is  often  of  vast  importance. 

After  a  full  exposition  of  the  theory  of  the  system,  a 
practical  vocabulary  of  difficult  words  is  presented, 
which  furnishes  a  perfect  copy  for  the  writing  of  more 


8  NEW     STANDARD     SHORTHAND. 

than  a  thousand  words,  and  which  when  thoroughly- 
understood  will  act  as  a  guide  to  the  correct  writing 
of  all  the  words  in  the  language. 

Our  experience  in  teaching  shorthand  has  convinced 
us  that  every  student,  upon  completing  the  theory,  stands 
in  great  need  of  a  thorough  review  in  a  practical  way  of 
the  entire  system.  The  review  is  not  needed  so  much  in 
a  repeated  study  of  the  theory  as  in  a  thorough  applica- 
tion of  the  theory  to  practical  work.  To  supply  the 
student  and  teacher  with  this  much  needed  practice 
matter,  we  have  arranged  a  complete  set  of  Review 
Lessons,  which  are  given  at  the  close  of  the  book.  The 
course  is  so  arranged  as  to  take  the  student  through  the 
practice  of  the  entire  theory  in  a  new  and  entertaining 
manner,  and  carries  him  on  into  the  most  practical  dic- 
tation matter. 

For  the  purpose  of  acquainting  the  reader  with  the 
principal  advantages  of  New  Standard  Shorthand, 
the  marked  features  of  the  system  are  briefly  explained 
in  the  Introduction  which  follows. 

With  a  belief  that  New  Standard  Shorthand  will 
greatly  lessen  the  labors  of  those  who  already  wield  the 
stenographic  pen,  and  that  it  will  bring  shorthand  writ- 
ing within  the  reach  of  every  one,  and  enable  the  world 
to  make  a  freer  use  of  the  art  than  has  been  possible 
heretofore,  we  send  it  forth,  requesting  at  the  hands  of 
each  a  careful   and   unprejudiced   examination  of   the 

merits  of   the  system. 

Charles  E.  McKee. 


INTRODUCTION. 


For  a  great  many  years  there  has  been  an  endeavor  to  pro- 
vide the  world  with  a  rapid  and  satisfactory  method  of  record- 
ing speech.  Many  methods  have  been  devised  for  the  accom- 
plishment of  this  noble  object,  and  while  some  of  them  have 
served  their  day  and  generation  in  a  way,  yet  never  within 
the  history  of  shorthand  writing  has  there  been  such  a  univer- 
sal demand  for  a  more  certain  and  scientific  method  of  record- 
ing speech — a  method  more  perfectly  adapted  to  all  the 
requirements  of  modern  times.  The  great  advancement  that 
has  been  made  in  all  the  departments  of  human  activity  within 
the  past  few  years  renders  the  systems  of  former  days  behind 
the  times  in  many  ways,  and  incapable  of  meeting  all  the 
requirements  of  this  progressive  age. 

When  the  Pitman  system,  which  forms  the  basis  of  most  of 
the  systems  in  use  to-day,  was  invented,  there  were  not  the 
demands  made  upon  the  art  of  shorthand  writing  that  there 
are  to-day.  The  alphabet  then  adopted  was  constructed  upon 
the  idea  that  there  was  an  affinity  or  relationship  existing 
between  certain  elementary  sounds  and  certain  shorthand 
characters.  Thus  the  all-important  questions,  such  as  secur- 
ing easy  combinations,  obtaining  simplicity  and  harmony  of 
principles,  employing  for  most  frequent  use  the  easiest 
characters,  and  adapting  all  the  component  parts  to  the 
accomplishment  of  the  one  great  object  sought,  namely,  the 
representing  of  language  with  the  legibility  of  longhand  and 
swiftness  of  speech,  v/ere  not  taken  into  consideration  in  the 
formation  of  the  alphabet.     And  further,  many  of  the  prin- 


10 


NEW   STANDARD    SHORTHAND. 


ciples  in  use  to-day  in  the  old  systems  have  been  added  during 
recent  years  in  an  attempt  to  meet  the  requirements  of  modern 
times,  and  as  a  result  the  majority  of  them  are  not  suited  to 
the  alphabet  or  to  each  other.  It  is  apparent  that,  in  the  con- 
struction of  a  system  of  shorthand,  as  elsewhere  in  the 
inventive  field,  in  order  to  produce  certain  results,  we  must 
understand  all  of  the  requirements  thoroughly  and  so  plan  the 
foundation,  as  well  as  the  superstructure,  as  to  conduce  natur- 
ally towards  the  accomplishment  of  our  object. 

In  the  construction  of  the  New  Standard  Shorthand,  the 
controlling  principle  was  the  employing  of  the  stenographic 
material  available  in  its  order  of  practicability,  and  of  assign- 
ing to  each  sound  such  a  value  as  would  best  fulfill  the  special 
mission  required  of  it,  and  of  employing  such  expedient 
contracting  principles  in  such  manner  as  to  produce  a  com- 
plete, harmonious  system,  which  would  naturally  write  the 
English  language,  including  all  of  its  peculiar,  twisted  com- 
binations, with  the  swiftness  of  speech  and  legibility  of 
longhand.  The  result  is,  that  in  the  New  Standard  Shorthand 
we  have  a  method  which  is  equally  well  adapted  to  all  classes 
of  shorthand  work.  It  is  so  simple  that  all  are  able  to  learn 
it ;  so  legible  that  all  are  able  to  read  it ;  and  so  swift  that  all 
are  able  to  write  it.  These  three  important  features — simplicity, 
legibility  and  rapidity — are  the  three  cardinal  virtues  of  New 
Standard  Shorthand,  and  it  is  the  securing  of  these  three  in 
such  a  high  degree  of  perfection  that  renders  this  system  of 
shorthand  so  far  superior  to  others. 

For  the  benefit  of  those  who  desire  to  acquaint  themselves 
with  the  special  features  of  the  system,  before  or  without 
thoroughly  mastering  the  principles  from  the  text-book,  we 
explain  a  {>i\v  of  the  whys  and  wherefores  which  make  the 
New  Standard  System  of  Shorthand  what  it  is. 


INTRODUCTION. 


11 


The  New  Standard  Shorthand  Alphabet. —  Going  back 
to  the  foundation  of  the  art,  we  find  that  the  first  question  to 
be  considered  is  the  arranging  of  the  alphabet  and  in  adapting 
it  to  the  general  plan  which  is  to  follow  so  as  to  naturally 
write  language  legibly,  easily  and  rapidly.  As  has  already 
been  stated,  our  alphabet  was  constructed  so  as  to  utilize  each 
character  where  it  would  best  do  the  work  required  of  it  in 
writing.  There  are  certain  characters  which  are  exceedingly 
valuable  in  the  beginning  of  words,  but  which,  on  account  of 
their  form,  are  worthless  in  the  middle  or  at  the  end  of 
outlines.  This  fact,  however,  does  not  at  all  embarrass  or 
hinder  a  perfect  working  of  the  material  at  hand,  for  there  are 
certain  sounds  in  the  language  which  occur  very  frequently 
initially,  but  which  rarely  occur  medially  or  finally.  The 
reverse  of  this  is  also  true.  Certain  characters  are  valuable  in 
the  middle  or  at  the  end  of  outlines  which  are  almost  useless 
in  the  beginning  of  words,  and  any  system  which  pretends  to 
have  a  practical  foundation  cannot  afford  to  disregard  these 
existing  conditions.  And  no  less  important  is  the  fact  that 
in  the  English  language  certain  sounds  follow  each  other  with 
great  frequency,  while  there  are  other  sounds  which  rarely, 
and  some  never,  occur  together.  This  fact  must  also  be  taken 
into  consideration  in  the  formation  of  the  alphabet  before 
any  claim  to  practicability  can  be  made.  That  such  points 
were  not  considered  in  the  construction  of  the  old  alphabet 
is  apparent  to  any  one  and  needs  no  argument  for  proof.  By 
taking  cognizance  of  these  existing  conditions,  the  New 
Standard  System  of  Shorthand  avoids  all  of  the  miserable 
combinations  which  occur  in  the  old  systems,  and  is  in  no 
case  compelled  to  devise  special  hooks  or  other  expedients 
for  the  purpose  of  avoiding  impractical  combinations. 


NEW    STANDARD    SHORTHAND. 

The  other  special  features  obtained  in  our  Standard  Short- 
hand Alphabet  are  —  First,  the  alphabet  is  composed  entirely 
of  simple  characters.  There  are  absolutely  no  complex 
strokes  employed  either  for  the  consonants  or  the  vowels. 
This  feature  enables  us  to  treat  all  characters  alike  and  write 
with  the  utmost  degree  of  simplicity.  Second,  each  sound  is 
represented  by  one  simple  character,  there  being  no  optional 
forms  whatever.  This  is  of  great  assistance  in  writing. 
There  can  be  but  one  way  to  express  the  sounds  desired  and 
hence  there  is  no  hesitating  in  writing  as  where  a  selection 
must  be  inade  between  different  characters.  Third,  our 
alphabet  is  composed  of  characters  which  are  all  of  one 
length.  The  vowels  are  represented  by  circles  and  loops  and 
the  consonants  by  strokes  of  an  equal  degree  of  length.  This 
methodical  arrangement  has  a  threefold  advantage.  It  pro- 
duces the  utmost  simplicity  in  writing  and  ease  in  learning. 
It  secures  perfect  harmony  in  the  application  of  principles,  as 
all  characters  can  be  treated  alike.  It  enables  the  writer  to 
join  vowels  with  consonants  in  all  conceivable  combinations, 
and  to  make  as  free  a  use  of  one  as  of  the  other. 

Connective  Vowels. —  The  great  difficulty  experienced  by 
all  systems  of  shorthand  has  been  to  write  language  in  full 
and  yet  obtain  a  sufficient  brevity  for  the  Recording  of  speech 
as  rapidly  as  it  is  spoken.  -  This  great  difficulty  led  authors 
of  former  times  to  represent  the  vowels  by  disjoined  dots  and 
dashes,  which  were  inserted  after  the  words  were  written, 
providing  the  writer  had  sufficient  time  to  do  so.  This, 
however,  was  by  no  means  possible  in  reporting  a  speaker, 
and  as  a  result  the  writing  w^as  done  largely  with  consonant 
outlines.  Such  outlines  are  often  sufficiently  legible,  when 
there  are  no  initial  vowels  and  the  consonants  form  the  prin- 
cipal part  of  the  word,  but,  to  practice  such  a  principle  of 


INTRODUCTION.  ^ 

omissions  throughout  renders  the  larger  part  of  the  writing 
totally  unintelligible.  As  a  result  of  this  practice,  the  old 
systems  represent  many  words  by  the  same  consonant  outline, 
and  the  reader  must  trust  to  the  context  for  a  correct  render- 
ing of  the  outline  in  each  particular  instance.  There  are 
numerous  cases  in  these  systems  where  one  outline  is  Osed  to 
represent  from  ten  to  fifteen  different  words. 

In  New  Standard  Shorthand,  the  circles  and  loops  are 
utilized  solely  in  representing  the  different  vowel  sounds,  and 
these  are  always  written  with  the  consonants  without  lifting 
the  pen,  whether  occurring  initially,  medially  or  finally. 
The  vowels  being  represented  by  circles  and  loops  renders  it 
possible  to  join  them  in  all  cases  with  the  utmost  freedom,  and 
being  composed  of  a  distinct  set  of  characters  they  are  subject 
to  certain  general  rules  of  contracting  which,  together  with 
other  new  powers  of  contraction,  makes  the  writing  of  New 
Standard  Shorthand  as  brief  as  the  old  systems  which  are 
compelled  to  omit  most  of  the  vowels.  Therefore,  since  this 
system  writes  vowels  as  freely  as  consonants  there  can  be  no 
conflicting  of  words  in  reading.  Only  words  which  are 
pronounced  alike  can  be  written  alike. 

The  Disuse  of  Positions.  —  The  method  employed  in  the 
old  systems  of  representing  the  vowels  by  means  of  detached 
dots  and  dashes  and  omitting  them  in  actual  work,  rendered 
tlie  writing  of  these  systems  so  illegible  that  a  method  of 
expressing  the  vowels  by  positions  was  also  adopted.  Thus 
consonant  characters  were  written  above  the  base  line,  on  the 
line,  or  below  the  line,  and  in  each  case  as  many  as  four  or 
five  vowel  sounds  were  understood  either  to  precede  or  follow 
the  consonant  character,  and  the  reader  was  obliged  to 
decipher  the  word,  trying  this  and  that  sound  until  a  word 
was  made  that  seemed  to  fill  the  place.  '  As  but  one  vowel 


14  NEW  STANDARD  SHORTHAND. 

sound  could  be  expressed  by  any  position,  other  vowels  when 
needed  had  to  be  inserted  by  the  adding  of  dots  or  dashes,  as 
before.  This  imperfect  method  of  writing  is  employed  to 
this  day  by  all  the  Pitmanic  systems,  and  is  of  the  greatest 
hindrance  to  easy  learning,  rapid  writing  and  accurate 
reading. 

In  the  New  Standard  System  of  Shorthand,  the  vowels  are 
always  united  with  the  consonants  and  no  positions  are 
employed  in  any  way.  Words  are  written  in  the  same  manner 
as  in  longhand,  by  simply  uniting  the  letters  or  characters  in 
their  natural  order  of  occurrence.  In  many  cases  words  can 
be  written  more  rapidly  by  the  use  of  vowels  than  could  be 
done  without  them.  The  reason  of  this  being  that  since  the 
vowels  are  all  composed  of  either  circles  or  loops,  the 
consonant  characters  can  be  united  easier  by  throwing  in  a 
circle  or  loop  than  by  making  an  angle  as  would  otherwise  be 
required.  The  advantage  derived  from  writing  words  in  this 
manner  and  without  reference  to  position  are  so  numerous  and 
apparent  that  we  need  not  take  the  time  to  rehearse  them. 

Contracting  Principles. —  The  two  fundamental  con- 
tracting principles  of  shorthand  writing  are,  the  use  of  an 
alphabet  of  the  simplest  characters,  and  writing  words 
phonetically.  These  two.  main  princij^les  contract  the  writ- 
ing to  a  large  extent,  but  they  do  not  render  it  sufficiently 
brief  for  the  most  rapid  work,  and  recourse  is  had  to  modifying 
the  characters,  such  as  making  them  shorter  or  longer,  for  the 
purpose  of  expressing  certain  sounds,  thereby  securing  two 
sounds  and  perhaps  a- syllable  by  one  movement  of  the  pen. 
Such  contracting  principles  are  in  this  system  of  the  most 
simple  and  practical  nature  possible.  They  apply  to  all 
characters  alike  in  the  writing  of  words,  and  are  utilized  for 
such   purposes  as   will  handle  the  peculiar  structure   of  the 


INTRODUCTION. 


15 


English  language  in  the  best  possible  manner.  There  are 
but  four  main  principles,  besides  the  use  of  the  two  hooks,, 
and  as  they  are  universal  in  their  application,  they  need  but 
be  stated  in  order  to  enable  one  to  remember  and  apply  them. 
A  very  rotable  feature  of  the  system  is  that  long,  technical 
vords  are  expressed  with  the  utmost  brevity.  The  reason  of 
this  is  ttiat  in  the  majority  of  long  words  there  is  a  frequent 
occurrence  of  certain  sounds,  and  in  the  construction  of  the 
system  a  method  of  expressing  such  combinations  was  provided 
for  through  the  main  contracting  principles. 

The  expressing  of  the  coalescents,  which  has  long  been  the 
stumbling  block  of  shorthand  systems,  is  accomplished  in 
this  system  by  the  application  of  the  main  principles,  and 
their  use  is  so  simple  and  natural  that  the  learner  seldom 
realizes  that  there  are  such  combinations  ;  while  in  all  other 
systems  he  must  be  constantly  drilled  upon  numerous  special 
and  complicated  methods  of  writing  them. 

The  Use  of  Hooks.  —  Practical  shorthand  writers  regard 
the  hook  as  one  of  the  most  valuable  means  of  expressing 
sounds.  No  appendage  can  be  formed  which  is  as  rapid  or 
legible.  The  hook  has  long  been  used  in  shorthand  systems, 
but  it  has  been  employed  as  a  means  of  covering  up  deficiences 
and  avoiding  bad  combinations  instead  of  as  a  fundamental 
principle  forming  a  part  of  the  general  plan. 

In  New  Standard  Shorthand  there  are  but  two  sizes  of  hooks 
employed,  a  small  hook  and  a  large  hook,  and  each  one  always 
expresses  the  same  sound  in  all  conceivable  combinations. 
The  hooks  are  as  distinct  and  never  failing  in  their  represen- 
tation as  the  characters  of  the  alphabet,  and  lying  at  the 
foundation  of  the  structure,  they  are  subject  to  the  application 
of  general  principles  of  the  system.  In  the  third  lesson  the 
student  learns  the   entire  use  of  hooks,  and  thus  the  utmost 


16 


NEW   STANDARD    SHORTHAND. 


degree  of  simplicity  is  secured  in  what  has  hitherto  been  a 
complicated  subject.  The  difficulty  attending  the  learning  of 
hooks  as  treated  in  other  systems,  and  especially  in  the 
Pitmanic,  is  only  realized  by  those  who  have  had  the  patience 
and  perseverance  to  wade  through  them.  In  the  Pitmanic 
systems  a  hook  is  employed  for  seven  different  purposes. 
That  is,  when  it  is  initial  it  represents  one  thing,  and  when 
final  another.  The  same  hook  also  expresses  one  sound  when 
turned  on  straight  characters,  but  an  entirely  different  value 
is  given  to  it  when  turned  on  curved  characters.  The  same  is 
true  with  the  direction  in  which  it  is  turned  or  written.  When 
written  on  one  side  of  a  character  the  value  given  to  it  is 
entirely  different  from  what  is  assigned  when  written  on  the 
opposite  side.  There  is  a  vast  difference  between  this  mixed 
up  state  of  affairs  and  the  simple,  and  even  more  judicious,  use 
that  is  made  of  hooks  in  the  New  Standard  System  of  Short- 
hand, The  student  in  this  system  is  saved  an  immense 
amount  of  time  and  labor  in  acquiring  their  use,  and  equally 
as  much  in  learning  to  read  from  their  practice. 

Expression  of  Syllables. — The  object  of  shorthand  is  to 
record  words  in  a  legible  manner  as  rapidly  as  they  are  spoken, 
and  in  order  to  accomplish  this  in  the  easiest  manner  it  is 
necessary  that  the  representation  should  correspond  as  nearly 
as  possible  with  the  manner  of  speech.  In  the  uttering  of 
words  in  speech  the  parts  most  distinctly  heard  are  syllables, 
and  one  of  the  most  legible  and  powerful  nodes  of  shorthand 
representation  is  by  making  the  writiiig  a  counterpart  of  the 
speech. 

In  New  Standard  Shorthand  this  is  accomplished  to  a 
remarkable  extent,  and  in  writing,  many  of  the  most  commonly 
occurring  syllables  are  expressed  by  one  simple  stroke,  and  in 
many  cases  two  syllables  are  distinctly  represented  by  a  stroke 


INTRODUCTION.  •^'^ 

and  an  appendage.  Wliere  such  a  plan  is  uniform,  as  is  the 
case  in  New  Standard  Shorthand,  the  manner  of  writing  one 
syllable  furnishes  a  key  to  hundreds  of  words  in  which  the 
same  syllable  occurs.  The  syllables  thus  formed  in  this  system 
are  those  which  are  made  naturally  by  the  application  of  the 
general  contracting  principles,  and  are  not,  as  in  many  systems, 
conventional  and  arbitrary  forms  which  must  be  committed  to 
memory  regardless  of  any  connection  with  the  principles  of 
the  system. 

Regular  and  Analogous  Outlines. — Another  important 
element  in  the  representation  of  speech  is  the  securing  of 
regular  and  analogous  outlines.  Outlines  which  are  composed 
of  regular  and  uniform  characters  are  much  easier  to  write  and 
jead  than  those  of  any  other  formation.  And  it  is  of  the 
utmost  importance  that  the  outlines  of  words  should  in 
.ippearance  or  mode  of  structure  conform  to  one  another  in 
proportion  to  the  likeness  of  their  pronunciation.  The  basis 
of  New  Standard  Shorthand  is  such  that  these  essential  points 
are  bound  to  be  subserved.  The  consonants  of  the  alphabet 
being  composed  of  simple  regular  characters  of  the  same 
length,  and  the  vowels  by  circles  and  loops,  the  writing  pro- 
duced cannot  be  otherwise  than  regular  and  uniform.  There 
being  but  one  form  of  characters  to  represent  the  several 
sounds  of  the  language,  and  these  being  written  upon  broad 
and  natural  principles,  the  outlines  produced  in  writing  cannot 
be  otherwise  than  analogous.  This  natural  producing  of 
regular,  uniform  outlines  and  forming  derivative  words  by 
simply  adding  to  the  primitive  form,  saves  the  learner  a  large 
amount  of  labor  of  head  and  hand. 

Disuse  of  Prefixes  and  Suffixes. —  It  has  been  very 
common  for  shorthand  authors  in  attempting  to  secure  brevity 
to  burden  their  systems  with  detached  signs  to  express  prefixes 


18 


NEW   STANDARD    SHORTHAND 


and  suffixes.  Of  course  a  certain  amount  of  brevity  mtist  be 
obtained,  and  where  material  has  been  wasted,  as  is  the  case 
in  the  majority  of  systems,  the  method  of  arbitrarily  repre- 
senting prefixes  and  suffixes  by  detached  signs  is  one  way  to 
patch  up  the  weakly  structure,  but  it  is  certainly  a  very  pool 
way.  Every  detached  prefix  or  suffix  not  only  necessitates  a 
pen-lifting,  which  is  acknowledged  to  be  equal  to  at  least  one 
pen-stroke,  but  it  requires  a  special  mental  effort  to  separate 
the  detached  part  from  the  rest  of  the  word  and  write  its 
proper  sign  and  the  proper  relative  position.  The  structure 
of  New  Standard  Shorthand  is  such  that  it  will  naturally  write 
all  combinations  without  resorting  to  detached  signs,  and  thus 
the  writer  is  again  saved  the  trouble  of  mastering  what  has 
heretofore  been  an  extremely  difficult  subject. 

Ease  of  Phrase- writing. —  Since  this  syetem  makes  the 
most  frequent  use  of  those  characters  which  are  easiest  in 
formation  and  writes  in  one  continuous  line  without  the  use 
of  any  positions,  words  can  be  joined  together  as  phrases  with 
the  utmost  freedom.  While  there  are  no  obstructions  to 
phrasing  in  this  system  as  in  others  where  positions  are 
employed,  yet  we  do  not  believe  "  in  running  phrase  wild," 
and  "stringing  words  together,"  as  some  systems  attempt  to 
do.  'lo  join  small  words  which  are  continually  occurring, 
however,  is  a  most  valuable  method  of  accelerating  the  speed 
of  writing,  and  where  proper  provisions  have  been  made  in 
the  construction  of  the  system  for  such  practice  it  is  even  an 
aid  to  rapid  reading. 

Harmony  of  Parts. —  It  is  the  complete  adaptation  of  all 
the  parts  to  the  accomplishment  of  the  object  sought  that 
measures  the  success  of  any  system  or  combination  of  things. 
No  system,  however  meritorious  in  some  directions,  is  all  that 
it  could  be  or  should  be   without   perfect  harmony  existing 


INTRODUCTION. 


19 


between  all  the  component  parts.  In  the  construction  of 
New  Standard  Shorthand  a  definite  and  thoroughly  practical 
plan  was  followed  and  each  component  part  was  made  to  do 
its  special  work  in  the  best  possible  manner,  and  at  the  same 
time  subserve  all  the  other  parts  in  the  accomplishment  of 
the  great  purpose  of  the  system.  As  a  result  this  system 
writes  the  English  language  naturally,  legibily  and  briefly, 
and  without  the  many  detrimental  features  that  originated  in 
former  days,  and  which  have  unfortunately  been  largely 
adhered  to  by  the  authors  who  have  followed. 

Our  Former  Shorthand  Works. —  The  author's  former 
productions  on  the  subject  of  shorthand  have  been  well  received 
by  the  public.  They  were  the  fruits  of  our  best  efforts  at  the 
time  of  their  publication,  and  through  the  chain  of  improve- 
ments adopted  in  them  was  gained  a  varied  and  valuable 
experience,  which  has  developed  upon  a  broader  plan 
"New  Standard  Shorthand."  This,  our  latest  work,  comes 
as  a  settled  standard,  in  which  every  writer  can  repose  with 
confidence  in  its  unchangeableness.  It  is  the  author's  ideal 
system,  allowing  for  human  imperfections,  and  while  we 
expect  to  be  progressive,  yet  the  plan  upon  which  it  is  con- 
structed is  broad  and  in  perfect  accord  with  what  leading 
shorthand  investigators  have  sought  for,  and  the  completeness 
of  the  structure  is  such  that  the  foundation  must  ever  remain 
the  same. 

In  the  production  of  this  work,  we  acknowledge  our  indebt- 
edness not  to  any  earthly  book  or  author,  but  to  the  great 
Author  and  Designer  of  Life,  who  has  sustained  our  life 
through  a  protracted  illness,  enabling  us  to  finish  this  work, 
and  whom  it  has  pleased  to  exceedingly  bless  our  humble  efforts. 

Charles  E.  McKee. 


COlsTSTITUTION 


Of  Ihe   United  States  of  America. 
O      "^ 


91 

PRINCIPLES.  ^ 

DEFINITIONS. 

Phonetics  or  Phonology. —  The  science  which  treats  of 
the  different  sounds  of  the  human  voice,  and  their  relations. 

Phonograph  or  Phonogram. —  A  letter  or  symbol  repre- 
senting a  sound  in  writing. 

Phonography. —  The  art  of  representing  spoken  sounds  by 
written  signs;  i.  e.,  by  phonographs. 

Stenography  or  Shorthand. —  A  contracted  method  of 
writing. 

Note.  —  The  terms  Phonography  and  Shorthand  are  often  used  inter- 
changeably, but  there  is  a  distinction  which  should  be  recognized.  The 
word  Phonography  applies  to  any  method  of  writing  which  is  phonetic,  and 
does  not  necessarily  mean  brief  writing.  Stenography  or  Shorthand  refers 
to  any  method  of  brief  Or  close  writing,  and  does  not  necessarily  mean 
phonetic  writing.  In  the  practice  of  the  art  of  Phonography,  it  is  impos- 
sible to  write  with  sufficient  speed  and  express  all  tlie  sounds  in  words,  and 
hence  in  actual  work  we  all  write  Stenography  or  Shorthand,  no  matter 
how  much  we  worship  the  term  Phonography. 

Phrase. — A  number  of  words  written  together  wi'-hout 
lifting  the  pen. 

Outline. —  As  employed  in  Shorthand,  a  character  or 
characters  used  in  representing  a  word,  or  phrase. 

Cognate. —  Allied  in  origin  ;  partaking  of  the  same  nature. 
Cognate  letters  are  those  which  are  similar  in  sound,  as/,  b 
and  /,  d,  etc. 

Coalesce.  — To  combine,  to  unite  in  harmony.  In  short- 
hand consonants  coming  together,  as  pr  in  pray,  spr  in  spray, 
are  said  to  coalesce  and  are  called  the  coalescents. 

Context. — The  connected  structure  of  a  sentence  or 
sentences,  especially  the  parts  of  a  sentence  preceding  and 
following  a  word  or  phrase. 


22  NEW    STANDARD   SHORTHAND. 


LESSON  1, 


THE  STANDARD  SHORTHAND  ALPHABET. 
Since  it  is  necessary  that  shorthand  writing  should  be  very 
brief  we  begin  with  the  alphabet  and  employ  the  simplest 
signs  possible  to  represent  the  sounds  of  the  language.  The 
stroke  characters  are  so  classified  as  to  indicate  the  direction 
in  which  they  should  be  written. 


UJ>iuard 


p  h  sh  zh  1  ch  j 

\^      Dozvmoard  \^  \  \^^  \.  "^  [  I 

f  V  r  7i  y 

^      Backward  /  /  /^  J  J 

Another  fundamental  principle  whereby  shorthand  is  made 
brief,  is  in  writing  according  to  sound.  There  are,  however, 
more  sounds  in  our  language  than  the  twenty-six  represented 
in  longhand,  and,  therefore,  we  employ  more  characters  or 
letters  than  are  used  in  the  ordinary  Roman  alphabet.  The 
vowel  sounds  are  all  represented  by  circles  and  loops.  There 
are  three  sizes  of  circles  and  two  of  loops,  thus ; 

A  K  I  O  IT 

Vo'ivels  O  O  o  <i?  ^/ 

The  various  sounds  of  each  vowel  are  represented  by  slight 
modifications  of  the  same  character,  as  shown  at  the  bottom 
of  the  following  page. 

Note. — The  learner  should  now  copy  the  characters  given  above,  taking 
pains  to  form  them  accurately,  and  to  write  them  in  the-proper  direction. 


23 


THE 


STAKDARB  SHORTHAND  ALPHABET 


Consonants 
P  B 

X         \ 

pie  by 


F 

/ 

fan 


/ 


edge 


quick 


M 


Z 

zeal 


L 
lay^ 


iSh 


Jng 


y     J 


^        or      U 


Vowels 


n 


c/ 


0 

■O 

aid 

each 

a 

6 

o 

o 

add 

ibb 

aw 

eu 

O 

O 

saw 

new 

toy 


•a 

old 

icse 

0 

Yi 

odd 

us 

ou 

00 

(p 

^ 

now 

ooze 

Copp-Ujht.  1891.  by  C.  E.  JIcKee, 


24  NEW  STANDARD  SHORTHAND. 

STANDARD  SHORTHAND  ALPHABET  IN  A,  B,  C,  ORDER. 

While  practicing  the  alphabet,  the  student  should  observe 
the  likeness  of  sound  existing  between  the  light  characters  and 
the  shaded  characters.  For  example,  the  p  and  b  are  very- 
similar  in  sound,  and  are  represented  by  strokes  which  are 
similar,  the  light  stroke  representing  the  light  sound,  and  the 
heavy  stroke  representing  the  heavy  sound.  Letters  which 
are  allied,  as  /  and  b,  are  called  cognate  letters,  and  the 
alphabet  is  almost  entirely  composed  of  pairs  of  this  kind. 

It  is  very  important  that  the  learner  should  understand  the 
difference  between  the  formation  of  the/  and  v  and  the  k  and 
g.  By  reference  to  longhand  writing,  it  will  be  seen  that  all 
strokes  made  upward  slant  more  than  those  which  are  made 
downward. 


Therefore,  as  the  k  and  g  are  always  written  upwards,  they 
will  necessarily  slant  more  than  the/and  v,  which  are  always 
written  downwards. 

Note. Since  words  are  written  according  to  sound   in  shorthand,  we 

have  no  use  for  a  character  to  represent  c  excepting  in  the  writing  of  initials 
in  proper  names.  Hard  c,  as  in  cat,  always  has  the  sound  of  k,  while  soft 
r,  as  in  cent,  always  has  the  sound  of  s.  When  occasion  requires  a  <r  in 
writing  initials  of  proper  names,  it  is  expressed  by  the  character  for  s,  with 
a  dot  alongside. 

The  letter  x  represents  the  sounds  eks,  but  for  the  sake  of  brevity,  it  is 
represented  in  shorthand  by  a  dot  when  occurring  initially,  instead  of 
writing  the  different  letters  of  which  it  is  composed. 

In  writing  with  a  pen  it  is  necessary  to  turn  it  a  trifle  in  order  to  shade 
the  <^.  The  k,  "■  and  q  must  always  be  written  upwards,  but  such  provisions 
have  been  made  in  the  system  that  it  is  not  absolutely  necessary  to  shade 
the  .^. 


STANDARD  SHORTHAND  ALPHABET    ^5 

in  the  a,  h,  c,  order, 
A  B  C  D  E  F  C 


H 


J 


JC  L  J\r  TV 


p 


R  S 


T 


II 


V 

/ 


Y 


Th  Ch  Sh 


Zh  Wh  Ing 


WRITING    EXERCISE. 

II       // 


CO  o   o  o  o 


<^  ^         ^  ^ 


CoyyrxQht.  1801,  Ij  C.  E.MoKee. 


26  NEW  STANDARD  SHORTHAND. 

DIRECTIONS   TO   THE   STUDENT. 

Materials. — Upon  commencing  the  study  of  short- 
hand, the  student  should  provide  himself  with  a  good 
note-book  and  a  pen  or  pencil  perfectly  adapted  to  the 
hand.  Since  the  New  Standard  Shorthand  is  written 
without  regard  to  positions,  it  is  immaterial  whether  the 
paper  be  ruled  or  not.  If  ruled,  however,  the  lines 
should  be  light  and  either  red  or  blue,  so  as  not  to 
detract  from  the  appearance  of  the  shorthand  writing. 

As  to  the  use  of  a  pen  or  pencil,  we  would  strongly 
urge  the  use  of  a  good  fountain  pen  Writing  can  be 
executed  more  neatly  and  legibly  with  a  pen  than  with 
a  pencil,  and  is  more  durable.  There  are,  however, 
exceptions  to  all  rules,  and  occasionally  we  find  persons 
who  can  produce  better  writing  with  a  pencil  than  with 
a  pen.  Those  who  use  pencils  should  keep  on  hand  a 
number  neatly  sharpened  which  are  well  suited  to  the 
hand  and  paper. 

Manner  of  Holding  the  Pen. — The  pen  should  be 
held  the  same  as  in  writing  longhand,  except  that  the 
holder  need  not  point  over  the  shoulder,  but  can  be  per- 
mitted to  point  on  a  line  with  the  forearm.  When  the 
pen  is  so  held  as  to  shade  the  letter  b  with  the  utmost 
freedom,  it  is  then  in  the  best  position  for  executing 
any  of  the  shorthand  characters.  Some  writers  hold 
the  pen  between  the  first  and  second  fingers,  and  while 
this  is  not  quite  so  free  for  general  use,  yet  it  is  very 
useful  as  a  means  of  changing  and  resting  the  hand 
when  the  work  is  prolonged  to  many  hours. 


PRINCIPLES.  27 

Formation  of  Characters. — In  the  formation  of 
shorthand  characters,  care  should  be  taken  to  make 
them  all  of  a  uniform  length.  Each  character  should 
be  formed  easily  and  naturally,  and  without  forcing 
the  hand  in  its  execution.  The  shaded  characters 
should  be  simply  enough  heavier  than  the  light  ones 
to  distinguish  them,  and  the  learner  will  find  that  in 
actual  work  many  shades  can  be  omitted  and  the 
writing  still  remain  perfectly  legible. 

How  TO  Learn  Shorthand. — Begin  the  study  with 
the  firm  resolve  to  practice  and  persevere  and  the  battle 
is  half  won. 

In  order  that  each  lesson  may  be  thoroughly  mastered, 
the  following  course  should  be  pursued  :  First,  read  over 
the  explanation  of  the  lesson,  carefully  referring  to  the 
shorthand  plate  on  the  opposite  page  for  illustrations  as 
you  go  along.  Second,  copy  the  shorthand  plate  of  char- 
acters into  your  note-book,  pronouncing  each  word  as 
you  write  its  outline.  Third,  write  the  plate  of  characters 
from  dictation  without  referring  to  the  book  ;  and,  fourth, 
read  back  the  words  from  your  shorthand  notes,  while  the 
one  who  dictated  them  observes  that  you  read  correctly. 

Note. — If  you  do  not  have  a  teacher  to  read  for  you  and  correct 
your  work,  before  taking  the  third  step  you  can  write  a  key  to  the 
shorthand  plate  in  longhand,  and  then  anyone  can  dictate  the  lesson 
to  you  from  the  longhand  key. 

Each  lesson  should  be  repeatedly  written  from  dictation  until 
every  word  in  it  can  be  written  without  hesitation. 


38  NEW  STANDARD   SHORTHAND. 


LESSON  2. 


COMBINATIONS. 

In  this  system  all  letters  are  combined  in  their  natural  order 
without  lifting  the  pen.  Since  consonants  are  generally  fol- 
lowed by  vowels,  the  connections  are  made  largely  by  the  use 
of  circles  and  loops. 

The  illustrations  to  the  right  show  that  the  circles  and  loops 
are  turned  on  other  characters  with  a  continuous  movement. 
They  are  turned  on  the  inside  of  curves,  but  on  straight  lines 
there  are  two  sides  on  which  they  could  be  turned,  and  the 
following  rule  should  be  followed : 

Circles  and  loops  are  turned  on  all  straight  strokes  with  a 
movement  turning  to  the  right,  the  same  as  that  described  by 
the  hands  of  a  clock.     See  lines  3,  4  and  li. 

Line  4  on  the  following  page  shows  how  a  distinction  is 
made  between  the  long  vowel  and  the  short  vowel  sounds. 
In  actual  work,  however,  such  distinctions  are  seldom  made, 
and  in  reading  the  remainder  of  the  following  plate,  the 
student  may  pronounce  each  word  regardless  of  either  short 
or  long  vowels,  as  each  outline  will,  as  a  rule,  make  but  the 
one  word. 

Note. — In  practicing  this  lesson,  the  learner  should  be  particular  to 
form  the  circles  as  nearly  round  as  possible,  and  to  make  the  loops  long 
and  narrow.  Let  it  be  a  rule  from  now  on  that  you  will  7ie'uer  write  a 
word  in  shorthand  that  is  not  correctly  formed  and  perfectly  legible. 
The  circle  for  a  should  be  written  as  large  as  in  the  copy,  while  the 
circles  for  e  and  /  can  be  made  nearly  alike,  as  they  form  words  in  writing 
which  seldom  conflict. 


COMBINATION'S. 


29 


say 
1  ^^^ 

may 


sigh 


at 

eat 

o 

O 

add 

aid 

0 

o 

9  CTx 

10  _J^ 


^  Vo         ^  ^ 


^  ^  /-^ 


s?,e  saw 

neiu  now 


oath  Its 


am  aim  on  own 


'\ 


o\     a-^    o — 


(X 


V     V  V 


Copyright.  1801,  by  C.  E.lIcKee. 


30  NEW  STANDARD  SHORTHAND. 

PHONETIC   SPELLING. 

In  writing  shorthand,  all  words  are  written  as  pro- 
nounced, and  no  attention  whatever  is  paid  to  the 
common  English  spelling.  Most  words  are  made 
shorter  by  being  spelled  phonetically,  and  as  this  is 
the  most  natural  and  easy  method  conceivable,  it  is 
of  vast  importance  to  the  art  of  shorthand  writing. 

It  would  be  a  great  blessing  to  humanity  if  phonetic 
spelling  was  in  every-day  use.  Our  present  spelling  is 
gradually  changing  to  the  phonetic,  and  we  hope  the 
day  is  not  far  distant  when  our  language  will  be  written 
as  spoken. 

The  following  selected  words  will  train  the  learner  to 
a  correct  understanding  of  the  real  sounds  contained  in 
words  which  are  commonly  spelled  at  variance  to  the 
rule  of  phonetic  spelling  : 

Rule. — Spell  all  words  as  pronounced. 

a.  bread  bred,  dead  ded,  fear  fer,  earth  erth^  boat  bot. 

b.  dumb  dum,  climb  klim,  doubt  dout,  debt  det. 

c.  scent  sent,  science  siens,  check  chek,  quick  kwik. 
e.     heart  hart,  same  sam,  write  r/V,  fine  fin,  awe  «. 

g.  gnash  nash,  resign  rezin,  foreign  forin,  feign  fan. 

h.  ghost  gost,  honest  onest,  rhetoric  retorik,  herb  erb. 

i.  field  field,  hail  hal,  seize  sez,  saint  sant,  lien  len. 

k.  know  no,  knife  nifi,  knight  nit,  knock  nok,  knave  nav. 

1.  half  hafi,  walk  wak,  would  wud,  calm  kam,  talk  tak. 

n.  kiln  kil,  hymn  him,  column  kolum,  condemn  kondem. 

o.  people  fiepl,  broad  brad,  couple  hupl,  pigeon  pi/n. 


PRINCIPLES. 


31 


p.  corps  kor^  cupboard  kubrd,  psalm  sam,  raspberry 
razberi. 

s.     island  Hand,  isle  //,  viscount,  vikount,  aisle  //. 

t.      match  mach,  latch  lack,  depot  depo,  often  ofn. 

u.     guide  ^/V,  guard  ^^ra',  source  sors,  guinea  ^/«^. 

w.    whole  hoi,  whom  horn,  owe  o,  sword  sord,  wrong  rqng. 

y.     pray pra,  they  ^/la,  delay  dela,  convey  konva. 

use  f.     phrase  fraz,  phlegm  flem,  laugh  laf,  rough  ruf. 

use  j.     gem  jem,  George  jorj,  judge  juj,  surgeon  surjn. 

use  a.    feign  fan,  reign  ran,  weigh  wa,  eight  at. 

use  u.    flew^«,  knew  nu,  blew  blu,  lieu  lu,  few  fu, 

usesh.  sure  shur,  ocean  oshn,  motion  moshn,  machine 
mashen. 


32  NEV/    STANDARD    SHORTHAND. 

COMBINATIONS    CONTINUED. 

In  the  preceding  lesson  the  student  was  told  to  turn  circles 
and  loops,  when  joined  to  straight  lines,  to  the  right;  that  is, 
in  the  direction  in  which  the  hands  of  a  clock  move.  When 
circles  or  loops  occur  between  two  strokes,  as  shown  in  line  i 
on  the  following  page,  they  can  be  turned  in  whichever 
direction  is  most  convenient  for  the  writer. 

Line  8  on  the  following  page  contains  words  ending  in  ing. 
The  termination  i7ig  is  always  expressed  by  the  ng  character. 

The  loops  can  be  joined  in  a  pendant  manner  when  occurring 
between  two  straight  strokes,  as  shown  in  line  9. 

Lines  11  and  12  on  the  following  page  contain  words 
beginning  with  w,  and  line  13,  words  beginning  with  wh. 
The  w  is  indicated  by  beginning  the  line  which  forms  the 
vowel  across  the  stroke  on  which  it  is  turned  ;  or  in  other 
words,  it  is  simply  the  last  part  of  the  2£/ character  that  is  used. 


REVIEW    QUESTIONS. 

In  what  way  does  the  shorthand  alphabet  differ  from  the  longhand 
alphabet  ? 

Is  there  any  similarity  existing  between  letters  represented  by  light 
strokes  and  letters  represented  by  shaded  strokes  ? 

Why  is  it  that  more  characters  are  employed  in  the  shorthand  alphabet 
than  are  used  in  the  longhand  alphabet  ? 

How  are  the  strokes  representing /and  v  known  from  those  representing 
k  and  g  ?  Why  is  there  so  little  use  for  a  character  representing  c  in  short- 
hand writing  ?  How  are  the  vowels  united  with  the  consonant  characters  ? 
In  what  direction  should  the  circles  and  loops  be  turned  when  united  with 
straight  lines  ?  When  is  it  allowable  to  turn  them  in  the  other  direction  ? 
How  should  the  vowel  n  be  written  in  the  word  pup  ?  How  is  the  w  and 
wh  written  when  beginning  a  word  ? 


tip 


COMBINATIONS, 

CONTINUED, 
cap  keep 


pave 

> 


33 


teach 


J 


— o^      ^       ^      ^^-^       ^~^ 


idea 

.10      c Q 


payee 


iota  poem 


^       ^     > 


kaolin  Ohio 


If-        \^      t/       <y-        "^      & 


c^  . 


Copyright,  1801,  bj  C.  E.  McKce. 


34  NEW  STANDARD  SHORTHAND. 

LESSON  3. 


THE    HOOKS. 

A  small  hook  represents  s.  The  hook  is  turned  in  the  same 
manner  as  the  circles  and  loops,  by  turning  to  the  right  on 
all  straight  lines  and  on  the  inside  of  all  curves.  When  the 
hook  is  shaded  it  represents  the  sound  of  z.  This  small  hook 
always  represents  j  or  z,  whether  it  occurs  at  the  beginning,  in 
the  middle  or  at  the  end  of  an  outline.  See  lines  i  to  7  on 
the  following  page. 

A  large  hook  turned  on  any  character  represents  n,  as 
shown  in  line  8.  When  this  hook  is  shaded  it  represents  m. 
See  line  10.  This  large  hook  always  represents  n  or  ;«,  no 
matter  where  it  occurs.  When  used  initially  the  n  hook 
expresses  the  syllables  m,  en  and  un,  as  shown  in  line  11  ; 
while  the  m  hook  expresses  the  syllables  ini,  etJt  and  ttm. 

In  practicing  this  lesson,  the  learner  should  take  special  care 
to  form  the  small  hooks  as  small  as  possible  and  the  large 
hooks  of  good  size.  There  should  always  be  such  a  vast 
difference  between  them  as  to  preclude  any  possibility  of  their 
conflicting  in  writing. 

To  one  accustomed  to  shorthand  writing,  hooks  are 
extremely  easy  of  formation.  They  should  be  formed  by 
simply  allowing  the  hand  to  turn  them  easily  and  naturally, 
as  a  continuation  of  the  character,  and  without  forcing  the 
hand  or  checking  the  motion  of  the  pen. 

REVIEW  QUESTIONS. 
For  what  is  a  small  hook  employed  ?  In  what  direction  is  it  turned  ? 
What  does  a  large  hook  represent?  What  syllable  or  syllables  are 
expressed  by  the  large  hook  initially  ?  What  does  the  large  hook  repre- 
sent when  shaded?  How  should  these  hooks  be  written  that  they  may 
always  be  legible  ? 


THE  HOOKS. 


35 


stay  siio'iV  sly  spy 

^^-o  ^-^  ^  '^ 


slay  slow 


s     stick  steal  stare  steam  stitch  store" 


3    speak 


Spare 


speed  spoke        ,    slam  skip 


^r    -^    ^- 


4 

«^^    ^tT     "^  ■  "X, 


^O-i 


'  ^      "k 


latin  heaten  mitten  taken 

~Vt)    V^    —^    ~^ 

demon.         layman  famine  lemon 


V2aiden  fatten 


human       showman 


^Y-     ^       O        ^ 


<3-N       >=        -^ 


^p 


erf      c^ 


Copyright,  1891,  by  C.  E.  McKce. 


36  NEW  STANDARD  SHORTHAND. 

CONTRACTED  OUTLINES. 

Thus  far  the  shorthand  writing  has  been  made  brief  by  a 
simple  alphabet  and  phonetic  spelling.  Another  principle 
employed  whereby  it  is  made  briefer  is  by  representing  some 
of  the  most  commonly  occurring  words  by  the  leading  letter 
of  the  word. 

Since  spoken  English  is  largely  composed  of  certain  small 
words  which  occur  over  and  over,  this  method  of  abbreviation 
is,  when  judiciously  employed,  very  valuable.  These  common 
words  also  form  phrases  of  very  frequent  occurrence,  and  each 
word  is  so  represented  as  to  produce  a  legible  outline,  and  at 
the  same  time  one  that  will  join  in  phrases  with  the  utmost 
ease. 

It  is  sometimes  advantageous  to  represent  two  words  by  the 
same  outline,  as  in  the  case  of  me  and  my,  be  and  by,  which 
are  given  on  the  following  page.  Only  such  words  as  will 
not  give  rise  to  any  difficulty  in  reading,  however,  have  been 
represented  in  this  way,  and  this  system  never  so  expresses 
more  than  two  words. 

This  list  should  be  thoroughly  committed,  by  first  copying 
the  outlines  a  number  of  times  with  pen  or  pencil,  and  then 
writing  them  from  dictation.  The  sentences  which  follow 
will  show  the  practical  use  of  such  contractions. 


REVIEW   QUESTIONS. 

V/hat  three  principles  have  thus  far  been  employed  to  render  shorthand 
writing  brief  ?  How  are  you  to  know  the  word  7ne  from  my  in  reading 
shorthand  ?  In  what  direction  is  the  ;-  written  in  the  words  or  and  our  ? 
"Why  is  it  more  perpendicular  than  the  r  in  the  word  are  ?  Would  you 
think  it  necessary  to  shade  the  letter  g  in  the  word  go  ?  Could  it  be  read 
as  any  other  word  than  go  if  not  shaded  ? 


CONTRACTED  OUTLINES.. 


37 


the  that       J  you      a-and         as  is  ^c'^         w/y 


to  do  no  me-y  so  'was         thing        to-do 


of  'have  go         question      which      judge      public  be-y 

/      /     /      X-        I        I       \       \ 


will  are 


or-our  he  ypting  wish 


SENTENCES. 


c       ^ 


/       c       o 


^ 


^ 


\   •    I 


/  ^      X 


*     / 


\ 


^ 


5        ^ 


/ 


/  D 


C  o 


/ 


■^ 


Cop!/right,  1801,  bj  C.  E.  McEee. 

452:487 


88  NEW  STANDARD  SHORTHAND. 

LESSON   4. 


THE   HALVING   PRINCIPLE. 

Another  mode  of  contracting  shorthand  writing  is  by- 
modifying  the  size  or  length  of  characters  for  the  purpose 
of  expressing  following  sounds.  In  this  system,  all  such 
changes  are  of  the  simplest  nature  possible,  and  apply 
to  all  the  characters  of  the  alphabet  alike. 

The  stroke  characters  are  all  made  half  their  usual 
length  for  the  purpose  of  adding  a  following  r.  By  the 
application  of  this  principle,  all  of  the  r  coalescents  are 
expressed  with  one  stroke.  The  r  coalesces  with  /,  d,p, 
b,  k,  g,  /,  th  and  sh,  and  is  expressed  by  halving  these 
letters,  as  shown  in  lines  i  to  6. 

When  r  follows  other  letters  with  which  it  never  coa- 
lesces, as  in  hear,  near,  etc.,  the  r  can  be  expressed  also 
by  halving,  as  shown  in  line  6.  For  example,  the  word 
near  when  written  in  this  way  could  not  be  read  nre 
instead  of  ner,  as  the  n  and  r  never  come  together  as 
coalescents. 

It  will,  perhaps,  be  of  assistance  to  the  learner  to 
observe  that  the  letters  with  which  r  coalesces  are 
straight  lines,  except  sh,  and  that  the  r  does  not  coa- 
lesce with  the  curves.    

REVIEW  QUESTIONS. 
When  a  character  is  made  half  its  usual  length,  what  letter  is 
implied?  In  the  word  hire,  how  do  you  know  that  the  r  comes 
after  the  i,  and  why  could  it  not  be  read  hri?  With  what  class 
of  letters  does  r  coalesce,  with  the  straight  lines  or  the  curves? 
How  are  the  words  were  and  where  written?  What  is  meant  by 
the  r  coalescents? 


.HALVIKG  PRINCIPMK. 


39 


Iray 

~D 

trade 
"^13 — 


tree 


•acker 


> 


try 


pray  pry 


cry 


treat  frayed         trick  trim  train 


Y 


V- 


traitor  cracker  primer       'trimmer        briefer 

-IT-  ^  ^--         -^  > 


mere  sir 


1_ 


higher  hair  share 

■^  -9  \o 


^  4  ^ 


^^ 


; 


,/^ 


there 


dziring        for         ''^^y        great    church    proper      Iroad 

-       /       /       ^       I        x       \ 


nor  more         su'ore         large         here         year      were   ivhere 


Coiiyright,  1891,^y  C.  E.  McKco., 


40  KEW  STANDARD  SHORTHAND. 

LESSON  5. 


LENGTHENING   PRINCIPLE. 

All  the  characters  of  the  alphabet  are  lengthened  for 
the  purpose  of  adding  a  following  /  or  d.  In  writing 
such  words  as  read,  need,  etc.,  where  a  vowel  intervenes, 
the  first  consonant  can  be  lengthened  and  vowel  placed 
at  the  end,  as  shown  on  lines  2,  3  and  4. 

As  a  rule,  no  difficulty  will  be  experienced  in  reading, 
from  allowing  either  a  /  or  ^  to  be  added  by  lengthening. 
Should  there  occur  a  case  where  such  practice  would 
allow  two  words  to  conflict,  then  the  lengthening  prin- 
ciple should  only  be  permitted  to  express  the  letter  /, 
and  the  word  containing  the  ^should  be  written  out. 

This  lengthening  principle  is  also  applied  to  the  hooks, 
more  especially  the  large  hooks,  as  is  shown  in  line  8. 
Where  a  /  sound  follows  these  hooks,  generally  the  n 
hook,  it  blends  with  the  n  so  completely  that,  even 
though  omitted  in  pronunciation,  its  absence  is  not  very 
noticeable.  This  being  true,  it  will  be  apparent  that 
such  words  will  be  perfectly  legible,  even  though  the 
writer  fail  to  elongate  the  hook  sufficiently  to  show 
the  added  /. 

In  words  like  acted,  ended,  etc.,  where  the  (?^  expresses 
the  past  tense,  the  ed  can  be  expressed  by  superlenglh- 
ening,  as  shown  in  line  10. 


REVIEW   QUESTIONS. 

What  letters  are  expressed  by  the  lengthening  principle?  Should 
two  words  conflict  from  allowing  either  /  or  ^  to  be  added,  how  can 
they  be  distinguished?  How  are  the  hooks  written  so  as  to  indi- 
cate an  added  t  or  d?  Can  the  w  and  wh  characters  be  lengthened 
or  enlarged  to  add  t  or  d? 


LKHGTHEHma  PRINCIPLK. 


41 


pint. 


cast  mind  /«■/;?/  talked 


need  deed  seed  paid  read  suit 


~^i>         cr 


patent 


parent        paymeitt     prominent      pretend        eminent 


^^      I 


did  said  not  might        write  Jet  should 


had  could  bid  put      with.  wotild  what 

^y         ^        \^       \         <)  6/  Cy 


Cojyyrigitt,  1891,  Vy  0.  E.  Mi-Kee. 


43  NEW    STANDARD    SHORTHAND. 

HINTS  UPON  WRITING  SHORTHAND. 

In  order  to  write  shorthand  rapidly  and  legibly,  the 
characters  must  be  executed  easily  and  with  a  continu- 
ous gliding  movement.  The  pen  or  pencil  must  be  held 
lightly,  and  in  writing  it  should  glide  over  the  paper 
with  ease,  grace  and  precision. 

It  should  be  the  aim  of  every  student  to  write  short- 
hand at  least  well,  if  not  expertly,  and  in  order  to  do 
this  it  is  necessary  for  the  student  to  practice  intelli- 
gently and  perseveringly.  Beginners  frequently  write 
shorthand  in  an  awkward  manner,  and  this  can  be  over- 
come only  by  patient  practice,  directed  by  a  thorough 
understanding  of  the  requirements  of  the  individual  case. 

The  student  should  follow  the  copies  given  in  each 
lesson  very  carefully,  observing  the  size,  slant,  etc.,  of 
each  character  and  the  distance  allowed  between  out- 
lines. The  outlines  should  be  neither  scattered  nor 
crowded,  and,  upon  finishing  an  outline,  the  next  one 
should  be  commenced  as  the  hand  moves  onward  in  a 
direct  line,  thus  aiming  to  lose  no  time  or  to  cause  no 
useless  expenditure  of  effort.  Shaded  characters  should 
be  executed  with  one  sweep  of  the  pen  and  never  by 
retracing. 

WRITING    EXERCISE. 

The,  that,  I,  you,  and,  as,  is,  we,  why,  to,  do,  no,  me,  my,  was, 
thing,  of,  have,  go,  question,  which,  judge,  public,  be,  will,  are,  or, 
he,  young,  wish,  there,  during,  for,  very,  great,  church,  proper, 
broad,  nor,  more,  swore,  large,  here,  year,  were,  where,  did,  said, 
not,  might,  write,  let,  should,  had,  could,  but,  put,  with,  would,  what. 


SENTEECE^ 

for  practice  in  reading  and  •writing^ 


43 


y  o  v'  -^  =^' 


\  >=  ^ 


C7 


/O 


r 


O  D        / 


^ 


1 


6/ 


9     O 


-^c.  r-  -^  -y 


~o 


D     o     A-^   c 

^  ^  /  ->- 


r^  \—  <:r< 


44  NEW  STANDARD  SHORTHAND. 

LESSON  6. 


MINUTING    PRINCIPLE. 

Since  there  are  no  tick  characters  in  the  alphabet,  the 
stroke  characters  can  all  be  made  into  minute  ticks,  and 
this  is  done  for  the  purpose  of  adding  a  following  /.  See 
lines  I  and  2.  This  principle  enables  us  to  express  all 
of  the  /  coalescent  combinations,//,  bl,  kl, gl  and  Jl,  by 
simply  minuting  the  character  which  precedes  the  /. 

When  //  or  bl  follow  an  m  or  71,  as  in  line  8,  the  tick 
representing  the  //  or  bl  should  be  struck  backwards. 

These  minute  characters  should  never  become  con- 
fused with  the  half-length  characters.  When  any  char- 
acter is  ticked,  it  should  be  made  as  minute  as  can 
naturally  be  formed,  and  as  there  is  no  danger  of 
making  them  too  short,  there  can  be  a  vast  difference 
made  between  the  ticks  and  half-length  strokes. 

In  writing  words  that  begin  with  tick  characters,  as 
shown  in  lines  5  and  6,  care  must  be  taken  to  make  the 
ticks  perfectly  straight.  For  example,  in  the  v^ord  plight, 
if  the  //  is  written  carelessly  and  allowed  to  curve,  it  will 
have  a  tendency  to  present  the  appearance  of  a  w  or  7uh. 


REVIEW    QUESTIONS. 

For  what  purpose  are  characters  made  into  minute  ticks?  How 
short  should  the  tick  characters  be  made  ?  With  what  letters  does 
the  /coalesce?  How  is  //and  <5/ written  when  they  follow  an  fn  or 
n?  What  word  is  represented  by  a  minute  r?  What  is  represented 
by  a  minute y?     How  is  the  word  shall  written? 


MIEUTma  PRINCIPLE. 


45 


— Q 
treble 


play 
b 

plight 


title 


horrible 


ply 
blame 


'  fable 

o( 

scribble 


cable 


libel 


able 


clip 


U 


?      ^ 
^        > 


^ 


\ 


/<?      X       °- 


trijle 


\s  O^  ^ 


clay 
glad 


CX 


trickle 

Jlow 
/ 

split 


equal 
c3^ 


—a 
glee 

fleet 
J— 


-        \     -^ 


12 


/ 


people        gentlemen  shall         soul  mail 

Capi/right,  1891,  Ijr  C.  E.  McKee.: 


*6  NEW   STANDARD    SHORTHAND. 

LESSON  7. 


THE   REVERSING   PRINCIPLE. 

The  circles,  loops  and  hooks  have  heretofore  been  turned 
on  all  straight  strokes  in  a  direct  manner,  and,  therefore, 
the  reverse  or  opposite  side  of  such  characters  remain 
unused. 

The  circles,  loops  and  hooks  are  now  united  with 
strokes  by  a  reverse  motion  ;  that  is,  by  a  motion  con- 
trary to  the  direction  described  by  the  hands  of  a  clock, 
for  the  purpose  of  adding  a  following  s  or  z  sound. 

It  will  be  observed  that  this  rule  applies  whether  the 
circles,  loops  and  hooks  occur  initially  or  finally.  In  the 
word  ascribe,  which  is  the  third  word  in  line  5,  the  vowel 
i  is  medial,  and  as  was  stated  in  the  beginning,  when  the 
circles  and  loops  occur  in  the  middle  of  words,  they  can 
be  turned  in  whichever  direction  is  easiest.  It  should 
be  noticed,  however,  that  when  two  straight  lines  run- 
ning in  the  same  direction  occur  together,  the  easiest 
way  to  turn  the  vowel  is  in  the  direct  manner,  and,  there- 
fore, they  can  be  reversed  to  add  s  or  z^  as  is  shown  by 
the  first  three  words  in  line  2. 

When  the  s  hook  is  reversed  it  adds  a  following  j, 
thereby  making  the  syllables  sus,  ses,  etc.,  as  shown  in 
line  8. 

Line  10  contains  words  beginning  with  w  and  wh  fol- 
lowed by  vowels,  which  are  turned  in  a  reverse  manner 
to  add  a  following  s  ox  z  sound. 


REVIEW    QUESTIONS. 

For  what  purpose  are  the  circles,  loops  and  hooks  written  in  a 
reverse  manner?  When  circles  and  loops  occur  in  the  middle  of 
words,  does  it  matter  in  which  way  they  are  turned  ?  What  syllables 
are  formed  when  the  s  hook  is  reversed? 


REYERSIKG  PRINCIPLE. 


47 


cfays 


taste 

n 


those  pass 


case  these 


test 


task  trace 


dress 


peace 


price 


4  \o  ^  \r^^       ^ 

5  O^        oy^         0>\ 


9        I 


^ 


mittens  kittens       pretence       importance     opens      diffeteiKe 

. — -,     :)  9 — ^      \     "^       Ov      -. 


-i: 


inspire  instead        install        insiribe       institute     instance 


/ 


\ 


u    -_J  / 


o   /    1 


\ 


_D 


NO  X 


yesiis  cases       posess        process  this 

Copyright,  ISOl,  bj  C.  E.  McKce." 


48  NEW  STANDARD  SHORTHAND. 

CONTRACTED    WORDS. 

REVIEWED. 

Before  attempting  to  read  the  sentences  on  the  follow- 
ing page,  the  student  should  make  a  careful  study  of  the 
list  of  words  as  given  below.  This  list  contains  all  the 
contracted  words  which  have  thus  far  been  given,  and 
also  all  extra  words  which  are  represented  by  the  same 
outline.  In  those  cases  where  two  words  are  represented 
by  the  same  outline  the  new  word  which  is  now  intro- 
duced for  the  first  time  is  printed  in  italics. 

The,  that,  I,  you,  a-and,  as,  is,  w^-way,  why,  \o-two,  do, 
no,  me-my,  so-society,  was,  ih'ing-ihink,  of,  h.a.\e-heaven, 
go-God,  question,  which-^/^rt:^^*?,  judge-///j-/,  Y>'^h\\.c-publtsh, 
be-by,  will-7£'^//,  are,  or-our,  he,  young-yet,  \v\sh.-she,  there, 
during,  for,  very,  great,  chnrch-charge,  pro^tr-properiy, 
hroad-3roug/if,  nor,  more,  swore-^7^^^r,  large,  here-//<fr, 
year,  were,  where,  did,  said,  not-nofe,  might-made,  write- 
right,  \ti-light,  should,  had,  could-^<?<?^,  hnt-bonght,  put, 
with,  would,  what,  rule,  gentlemen,  shall,  soul -W^,  mail, 
people,  Jesus,  cases,  possess,  process,  this-is. 

No  difficulty  should  be  experienced  from  the  two 
words  which  are  represented  by  the  same  outline,  as 
they  have  been  so  arranged  as  to  prevent  the  words 
from  conflicting.  The  sentences  on  the  opposite  page 
will  show  to  some  extent  how  easy  it  is  to  read  the 
proper  word. 


SENTENCES. 

for  practice  in  reading  and  writing. 


/ 


'^      ^ 


^       / 


r  —  "^ 


^  "^^  r~ 


T)       "^^      \ 


49 


3      >^^ 


11       o  V. 


12      iy 


\ 


^ 


>     '        I      = 


/9 


^  / 


u      O 


50  NEW   STANDARD    SHORTHAND. 


LESSON  8. 


SUBORDINATE  RULES. 

The  r  and  /  characters  are  written  in  an  upright  manner, 
for  the  purpose  of  adding  a  following  ch  ox  J  sound,  as  shown 
in  lines  i  and  2. 

The  r  and  /  characters  are  shaded  for  the  purpose  of  adding 
the  sound  of  a  following  k  or  g,  as  shown  in  lines  3  and  4. 

The  ending  shun  is  indicated  after  a  circle  or  loop  by  allow- 
ing the  line  to  pass  over  the  stroke  on  which  the  vowel  is 
turned,  as  shown  in  lines  5  and  6.  The  sound  of  shun  is 
generally  preceded  by  a  vowel,  but  when  it  is  not,  as  in  the 
word  action,  the  shun  sound  is  indicated  by  a  small  downward 
curve,  as  shown  in  lines  7  and  8.  When  this  shim  character 
is  shaded  it  indicates  a  preceding  k  sound,  making  the  ending 
ekshun,  as  shown  in  lines  9  and  10. 

A  dot  is  employed  initially  to  represent  the  sounds  eks,  that 
is  X,  and  it  is  used  finally  to  represent  ly,  as  is  shown  in  lines 
1 1  and  1 2.  When  the  letter  x — that  is,  the  sounds  eks — occurs 
in  the  middle  or  at  the  end  of  a  word,  as  in  next,  the  x  is 
written  out  as  eks. 


REVIEW  QUESTIONS. 
When  the  r  and  /  characters  are  written  in  an  upright  manner,  what 
letters  are  indicated  as  following  ?  When  the  r  and  /  are  shaded,  what 
letters  are  indicated  as  following?  How  is  the  syllable  shwt  expressed 
after  a  vowel  ?  How  is  the  syllable  eksJmn  expressed  ?  What  does  a  dot 
indicat'j  before  an  outline  ?  What  does  it  indicate  at  the  end  of  an 
outline  ? 


SUBORDINATE  RULES, 


51 


torch  starch  original  indulge         college       legend 

recommend  regulated         park  elector  collect 


^;_  ^^    < 


°^_n. 


nation  passion  occtipation  edition  nations 

^      V       ^^     -^-     ^■ 

^^      -^      ^      v^       x^       C_^ 


action  option  portion  intention  actions 


instruction  section  affection 


detection 


expect  examine  expense  poorly  slowly 

■    ^    ■<^      -^     y-     ^- 

Q 


y^  A 


rich  legislate  remark  look -like 

(  )  /-  ^ 

Copyright,  1891,  by  C.  E.  McKee. 


52  NEW  STANDARD  SHORTHAND. 

CONTRACTED   OUTLINES. 

A  number  of  frequently-occurring  words  are  legibly  written 
by  the  use  of  a  stroke  and  hook.  On  the  following  page  is 
given  a  list  of  such  words,  and  although  they  could  be  easily 
written  out  in  full,  yet  they  should  always  be  written  in  the 
manner  shown,  as  there  are  important  advantages  to  be  secured 
in  the  way  of  speed  when  so  written. 

Such  lists  of  words  must  be  so  learned  that  the  student  can 
write  them  properly  from  dictation  without  any  hesitancy,  and 
read  them  back  from  his  writing  with  an  equal  degree  of 
fluency. 

As  regards  the  formation  of  hooks,  there  is,  perhaps,  need 
of  a  little  explanation.  It  will  be  found  in  rapid  writing  that 
there  is  a  tendency  to  make  large  hooks  after  curves  and  small 
hooks  after  straight  lines.  The  hooks  must,  however,  be 
formed  according  to  their  proper  size,  no  matter  how  or  where 
they  occur.  The  small  hook  must  always  be  small,  and  the 
large  hook  must  always  be  large.  A  very  little  care  upon  the 
part  of  the  writer  will  overcome  the  tendency  above  men- 
tioned and  enable  him  to  make  at  all  times  and  places  just 
what  form  is  desired.  This  same  tendency  is  true  with  respect 
to  circles  and  loops.  They  are  apt  to  be  larger  after  curves 
than  after  straight  lines. 


REVIEW  EXERCISE. 
Write  the  outlines  for  the  following  words :     Way,  society,  think,  heaven, 
God,  change,  publish,  well,  our,  yet,  she,  property,  brought,  bought,  swear, 
her,  note,  made,  right,  light,  good,  sale. 


For  "Shuul'"  Endings,  see  page  134. 


CONTRACTED  OUTLINES.  ^^ 


then  time        done        soon         same       man      Jiim        shown 


long  run        room       been      opinion      can        come     general 


tttrn  sworn         crime  grand       bring 

— )  ^^         X^  X^  ^i 

does  most  best         less         course  force  variotis 

'  —^     ^^      ^    S     ^       y        y 

ptirpose  seem  seen  such  second       stand        spirit 

6  secitre         strength  several 

SENTENCES. 
'    —      D       O     — ^    ^^-^    O     —     :3     O 

8    — ^     Q      X    — ^      o       — o        d / 

/O      ^    c o   ^      /     ^      <^~^     -^     P     — ^    X 

J  ^>         /  ]  O  X         D        X       <^   X 


54  NEW  STANDARD  SHORTHAND. 


LESSON  9. 


INITIAL  SYLLABLES. 

On  the  following  page  is  given  a  list  of  commonly-occurring 
syllables,  which  are  expressed  by  the  consonant  outline. 
These  syllables  are  as  legible  as  though  the  vowel  in  each  was 
written.  For  example,  the  letter  b  expresses  the  syllable  be, 
and  never  any  other,  and  as  consonants  are  always  followed 
by  vowels,  the  absence  of  the  vowel  implies  that  the  syllable 
be  is  expressed,  for  if  the  syllable  were  any  other  than  be  it 
would  be  written  in  full.  This  is  true  with  all  of  the  syllables. 
Only  those  given  in  the  following  plates  are  abbreviated,  all 
others  being  written  out  in  full. 

When  the  syllable  con  is  followed  by  a  /  or  </  the  con  stroke 
is  lengthened  to  add  the  /  or  d,  as  shown  on  line  6 

When  the  syllable  con  is  followed  by  a  -^  or  ^  sound,  as  in 
congress,  the  n  hook  is  added  to  the  syllable  con  so  as  to 
facilitate  the  joining,  as  shown  on  line  7. 

The  syllables /^r  and  pro  are  expressed  by  pr,  as  shown  on 
lines  9  and  10,  but  the  syllable /r^"  is  always  written  in  full. 

The  syllables  mul  and  mal  are  expressed  by  a  minute  m,  as 
shown  on  line  12.  ""  The  m  in  this  syllable  need  not  be  shaded, 
as  it  is  rather  short  to  shade,  and  can  be  read  as  no  other, 
since  the  n  is  never  made  minute  for  an  initial  syllable. 

The  syllable  sirk  can  be  written  by  beginning  with  the  s 
hook  or  with  the  stroke  s,  as  shown  on  line  14. 


INITIAL  SYLLABLES. 

2     de  ^"""^       V  -.._ft        


55 


.4      €^« 


6     cont 


7      con 


9      par 
0     fro 


mar 
m  II  r 


mttl 
mal 


s    ^"  con-m 
tin 


i     sirk 


-Q_ 


X 


\^^    X      I 


C  "  X    ^    <    <    ^- 


56  NEW  STANDARD  SHORTHAND. 

INITIAL  SYLLABLES. 
(Continued.) 

The  syllables  given  on  the  following  page  are  formed  by  tht 
use  of  the  consonants,  as  was  done  in  the  preceding  plate. 

The  syllable  self  is  expressed  by  a  small  s  hook  joined  in  an 
angular  manner,  as  shown  in  line  6.  The  consonant  sounds 
are  not  all  expressed  in  the  writing  of  this  syllable  se(f,  a/id 
it  is,  therefore,  an  exception  to  the  statement  that  all  the  con- 
sonant sounds  are  represented. 

The  syllables  seti,  sin,  setn  and  sim  are  always  written  with 
the  s  hook  turned  on  an  fi  or  tn,  as  shown  in  lines  9  and  10. 

The  syllables  sun  and  su:n  are  always  written  with  the  stroke 
s  and  a  large  hook,  as  is  shown  in  line  11.  The  syllable  san 
and  sam  are  also  written  in  this  manner. 

Although  in  some  instances  two  syllables  are  represented  in 
the  same  way,  yet  no  inconvenience  should  arise  from  this,  as 
the  syllables  are  such  as  will  not  form  conflicting  words. 

These  syllables  must  be  practiced  until  they  are  perfectly 
familiar,  and  until  it  becomes  natural  to  represent  them  in  the 
manner  here  shown,  in  whatever  connection  they  occur. 


REVIEW    QUESTIONS. 

How  is  the  syllable  con  written  ?  How  is  it  written  when  followed  by  a 
>&  or  g  ?  What  two  syllables  are  expressed  by  pr  ?  How  is  the  syllable 
pre  written  ?  What  is  the  difference  between  the  outlines  for  under  and 
enter  ?  How  is  the  syllable  self  expressed  ?  How  are  all  words  begin- 
ning with  sin  or  sen  written  ? 


INITIAL  SYLLABLES, 

continued. 


bl 


1    dis 


6   self  ^—9 


7   stii 


8  super 


tern 
dem 


•^ 


pen 


58  NEW    STANDARD    SHORTHAND. 

LESSON  10. 


FINAL  SYLLABLES. 

The  final  syllables  which  are  given  on  the  following 
page  are  formed  by  the  use  of  simply  the  consonant 
characters,  as  was  done  in  the  case  of  the  initial  syllables. 
In  the  syllables  serve  and  ship,  however,  one  of  the  con- 
sonant sounds  is  omitted.  The  ending  ship  can  be  writ- 
ten out  in  full  very  easily,  but  as  the  sh  and  p  generally 
carry  the  outline  rather  low,  it  has  been  abbreviated  into 
writing  the  sh,  which,  though  most  legible  when  detached, 
can  be  joined  to  the  preceding  part  of  the  word. 

The  different  syllables  given  in  this  and  the  two  pre- 
ceding plates  are  always  written  in  the  same  manner  as 
has  been  shown  by  the  illustrations.  These  syllables,  as 
a  rule,  occur  in  many  more  words  than  are  given  in  the 
plates,  and  by  understanding  their  use  each  syllable  can 
be  written  in  its  proper  manner  wherever  it  occurs. 

The  student  should  by  this  time  begin  to  read  some- 
what from  sight.  That  is,  he  should  cease  spelling  words 
out,  but  should  remember  them  as  wholes,  and  read  as 
one  reads  print  by  simply  glancing  at  each  word.  The 
student  should  persevere  in  this  practice,  and  he  will 
shortly  find  that  he  will  read  shorthand  writing  as 
naturally  and  easily  as  longhand.  In  reading  print  or 
longhand  we  frequently  read  words  that  are  misspelled 
without  noticing  the  error,  and  just  so  it  is  in  reading 
shorthand,  the  reader  who  reads  from  sight  frequently 
reads  words  that  are  badly  distorted,  or  are  not  written 
just  as  they  should  be,  without  noticing  the  bad  shape 
of  the  outline  or  the  slight  error  in  the  formation. 


FINAL  SYLLABLES. 


59 


1    aire 


cede 
side 


3  sist 

4  serve 

5  form 

6  feet 
1  fleet 


-7-^-1      f      1     VI 


\—    ^ 


-7     > 


8  ^'■'i/"-;'    o     ^ 

10  f-^         /^ 

12  w^«? Q_ 

13  j/z?)?  JP 


"     J^// 


-1  / 


60  NEW  STANDARD  SHORTHAND. 

CONSONANT   OUTLINES. 

The  student  has,  no  doubt,  observed  by  this  time  that 
in  certain  words  vowels  can  be  omitted  without  imparing 
the  legibility  of  the  writing.  On  the  following  page  is 
given  a  list  of  commonly-occurring  words  which  are  ad- 
vantageously expressed  by  the  consonants  of  each  word. 

The  student  should  understand  that  while  the  vowels 
are  omitted  in  these  words,  yet  in  others  they  are  of  the 
utmost  importance.  As  a  rule,  initial  vowels  are  the  most 
essential  to  legibility,  and  they  should  seldom  be  omitted. 
The  more  important  any  vowel  is  in  sound  the  more 
essential  it  is  that  it  should  be  written.  In  such  words 
as  obey,  essay, poem,  iota,  etc.,  the  vowels  are  the  life  of  the 
word  and  without  them  such  words  would  be  wholly 
unintelligible. 

A  good  rule  for  the  student  to  follow  in  regard  to  the 
use  of  vowels  in  words  not  given  in  the  text-book  is, 
never  to  omit  a  vowel  sound  any  sooner  than  a  conso- 
nant sound,  and  to  omit  neither  excepting  when  the  word 
will  be  perfectly  legible  with  the  omission. 

Many  are  apt  to  suppose  that  legibility  in  shorthand 
depends  simply  upon  a  full  representation  of  the  sounds 
of  the  words,  but  this  is  a  great  mistake.  A  system 
might  be  so  formed,  as  some  are,  that  even  though  every 
sound  is  indicated  the  writing  is  not  as  legible  as  in  a 
system  properly  constructed  that  omits  some  of  the 
sounds.  Legibility  in  shorthand  depends  upon  the 
writing  being  formed  from  regular,  uniform  alphabetic 
characters  by  the  use  of  simple,  universal  rules  which 
results  in  producing  outlines  having  a  characteristic 
appearance  that  are  like  other  outlines  in  proportion  to 
their  likeness  of  pronunciation. 


CORSON  ANT  OUTLINES-. 


OF  COMMON  AVORDS. 


1  assist  among      amottnt      America         balance          became      begin 

2  behind  beyond      bdief         believe        between            both       brother 

3  booi  carpenter       chance           character           child        correspond 

\/  -^.        L         -^         --       ^-^ 

4  clerk  criminal      culture       danger         direct       develop        disease 
b  duty  drunk        dwell      expense        experience          fo7vcr      fact 


6  farther  find          first        fire        freozfut    friend       from  fitnre 
1  give-gave         govern       health         help       half          hope        heard -hard 

8  loss  life       live       J.ord        mark       modern        material  moral 

B   member  move       jnnch       murder       ne'c'er     -nevertheless  noitk 

-^  -y    ^    --    —?      ^  -— 

10  notes  number      one          only       part,     person      policy  power 

-^.  O.    — - 


Mplural-iiy         political         possible         principle         profit        provide 
12  qttalify      quarter         reason        race        receive     remember     result 


13  Spoke         secretary         sell       slavery         student        study       sudden 


c      :)    c -. — ^ 

14  success         thank  'together  word         worth         work        world 


63  NEW  STANDARD  SHORTHAND. 

LESSON  11. 


COMMON   WORDS. 

On  the  following  page  is  given  a  list  of  commonly- 
occurring  words  which  are  written  from  the  natural  ap- 
plication of  the  principles  which  have  preceded.  This 
list  should  be  repeatedly  written  until  each  outline  can 
be  formed  correctly  without  referring  to  the  copy. 

KEY    TO    COMMON    WORDS. 

I.  ask,  any,  all,  again,  against,  at,  able,  awe.  2.  before, 
because,  being,  better,  case,  cause,  careful.  3.  death, 
deed-dead,  doubt,  doing,  effort,  even.  4.  ever,  earth, 
entirely,  fast,  found,  honest,  honor.  5,  who,  how,  whose, 
house,  in,  if,  choose,  law.  6.  kind,  last,  letter,  little,  love, 
mind.  7.  men,  man,  nature,  natural,  next,  nearly.  8. 
offer,  office,  over,  open,  on-own,  out,  old,  offices.  9.  pass- 
past,  present,  pleasant,  practice,  price,  prices,  please. 
10.  quick,  quit,  right-write,  read,  rest,  real.  11.  scholar, 
speaker,  sue,  suit,  south,  tell,  tells.  12.  true-truth, 
through,  thought,  them,  us-use,  used,  under.  13.  up, 
upon,  vice-voice,  weeks,  west,  went,  while.  14.  when, 
youth,  yes,  yes  sir,  yesterday,  ye. 

We  deem  it  important  for  the  student  to  write  every 
word  as  it  will  be  used  in  actual  work,  and  have,  there- 
fore, omitted  the  dot  in  the  words  beings  through^  thought^ 
them  and  yout/i,  on  the  following  page. 

The  letter  y  is  generally  written  downwards,  but  can 
be  written  upwards  to  advantage  in  the  words  yes,  yes  si'r, 
yesterday  and  ye,  as  shown  in  line  14. 


COMhlQS  WORDS. 
o/"    ---      '^      cT'      </      o— 

>      \^    \_    V      ^     /P 


63 


Os        O 


TT 


/^   ^ 


I   ^ 


-'~^' 


/    /    / 


V^     ^ 


-o 


~^ 


\) 


.JD 


C 


"    ^       ^b        /        ^ 


64  NEW  STANDARD  SHORTHAND. 

CONTRACTED    OUTLINES. 

REVIEWED. 

The  following  list  contains  a  review  of  all  the  con- 
tracted words  that  have  been  presented  since  our  last 
recapitulation  on  page  48.  Those  words  which  are 
printed  in  italics  are  represented  by  the  same  outline  as 
the  word  preceding. 

Rich,  legislate,  remark,  look-like,  then  than,  time,  done 
down,  soon  suti,  same  sotne,  man  many,  him  shown,  long 
length,  run  ruin^  room,  been,  opinion,  can  go?ie,  come  catne, 
general,  turn,  sworn,  cx'wix^  grand,  bring,  does,  most  must, 
best,  less,  course,  force,  various,  purpose,  seem,  seen  sign, 
such,  second,  stand,  spirit,  secure,  strength  strofig, 
several  saviour. 

SENTENCES. 

In  the  sentences  which  are  given  on  the  following  page 
a  few  words  have  been  combined  into  phrases.  For 
example,  the  words  that  and  which  are  united  on  line  i, 
and  also  the  words  do  and  ?iot.  On  line  3  the  phrase  can- 
not occurs.  On  lines  4  and  6  the  phrase  is-as  occurs. 
Many  more  words  could  be  phrased,  but  these  few  ex- 
amples are  deemed  sufficient  for  the  present.  In  the  next 
lesson  the  subject  of  phrasing  is  thoroughly  explained. 

These  sentences  should  be  practiced  until  they  can  be 
written  without  any  hesitancy.  In  practicing  such  sen- 
tence exercises  the  student  should  aim  to  establish  an 
easy  movement  and  increase  his  speed  of  writing. 


.^  / 


SENTEN'CES. 

for  practice  iii  reading  and  writing 

"  1        <? 


65 


V.    —  /x 


3      O 

>i    o 


go/'/       V-^ 
:^^    —    /    ^ 

B       /  I  ^         /        — 

0   y  \ <-         O 

10    ^ /     - 


\ 


C      O 


?       ^       c      O     — D 


D 


X7 


O 


O 


c;? 


1       ^ 


"D 


66  NEW  STANDARD    SHORTHANU. 


LESSON  12. 


PHRASE   WRITING. 

Two  or  more  words  can  be  joined  together,  making  a  phrase, 
which  should  always  be  written  without  lifting  the  pen.  Only 
words  which  naturally  blend  together,  or  have  some  cornec- 
tion,  should  be  joined  in  writing. 

The  s  hook  is  turned  on  other  characters  for  the  word  as, 
forming  such  phrases  as  as  well  as,  as  inany  as,  etc. ,  as  shown 
on  line  5.  The  word  has  is  written  in  the  same  manner  as 
the  word  as,  the  context  always  indicating  which  word  is 
intended.  The  word  his  is  also  expressed  by  the  same  outline 
as  used  for  the  word  is. 

The  word  in  can  frequently  be  phrased  to  advantage  by  the 
use  of  the  large  n  hook,  as  is  shown  in  the  third  outline  in 
line  14,  which  makes  the  phrase  in  which.  The  following 
phrase  is  in  such,  the  s  being  expressed  by  the  reversed  n  hook. 

The  extent  to  which  phrase  writing  should  be  carried  in 
shorthand  is  left  largely  with  each  writer.  Care  should 
always  be  taken,  however,  to  employ  phrases  only  where  they 
will  aid  in  writing,  and  be  of  no  hindrance  in  reading. 
There  is  practically  no  end  to  the  different  combinations  of 
words  that  could  be  formed,  but  only  those  which  are  of  com- 
mon occurrence,  and  composed  of  from  two  to  three  words, 
are  of  special  importance  to  the  writer. 

The  phrases  which  are  given  in  this  and  the  following  plate 
are  of  the  most  practical  value,  and  no  student  should  stop 
short  of  employing  at  least  these  illustrations  in  his  writing. 


PHRASE  WRITING. 


67 


3     and 


all 


has 


6     le 


s       ^ 


8    dill 


9       ,^ 


10      J^rtt^ 


kis 
is 


/2. 


12    ^atr       /-~~^ 


°^        (9         ®        O       9 


•^      c^      ■^-^        ^^ 


7 


7    /    /    ^    / 


13/  "^ 


H,     2«  'S'^      ^ 


/ 


f     Q_9     c:^ 


68  NEW   STANDARD    SHORTHAND. 

PHRASE   WRITING. 

(Continued.) 

The  word  not  can  be  added  to  stroke  characters  by  the  use 
of  the  large  n  hook,  as  shown  in  line  2.  This  method  of 
expressing  7iot  is  especially  valuable  in  the  phrase  could  not,  as 
the  n  stroke  would  not  join  easily. 

J  The  n  stroke  is  joined  to  other  characters  to  express  the 
words  on  and  own,  as  shown  in  line  3.  The  context  readily 
indicates  whether  the  word  on  or  07i'n  should  be  read. 

The  words  there  and  ot/ier  can  both  be  written  with  the 
half-length  t/i,  as  shown  in  line  6,  since  the  context  will 
always  show  which  word  should  be  read. 

The  word  t/ie  can  be  phrased  with  any  character  by  a  slight 
retracing,  as  is  shown  in  line  8. 

The  tick  which  expresses  the  word  t/iat  is  always  written 
downwards  when  standing  alone,  but  in  phrases  it  is  sometimes 
written  upwards.  In  the  last  phrase  in  line  9,  which  is  t/iat 
iliat,  the  first  that  is  struck  upwards,  so  that  the  phrase  will 
not  look  like  that  the,  which  is  the  last  phrase  in  line  8. 

When  the  word  your  is  joined  with  other  words  the  ti  can 
be  omitted,  as  shown  in  line  11. 

Line  12  is  composed  of  phrases  in  which  the  connecting 
word  is  omitted,  such  as  by  and  by,  one  by  one,  etc. 

The  phrases  given  in  lines  13  and  14  are  of  somewhat 
technical  formation,  and  as  they  are  of  frequent  occurrence 
the  student  should  commit  them  to  memory. 


1     inc-iuy 


PHRASE  WRITING. 

continued. 


69 


2      not 


3    on-oivn 


their 
there 
other 


7     than 


5     io 


""^ 


8      the 


/ 


a 


0      that 


6 


10      }'01l 


-^ 


/    ^^^ 


^ 


XV    yotir 


n      Ns^ 


^     yy 


in  the  on  the       of  the       as  the       is  the        and  in         has  heen 

in  any       in  your      who  are       in  this  action      not  l>een       at  the  lime 


70  NEW   STANDARD   SHORTHAND. 

ADVICE  TO  THE  STUDENT. 

The  shorthand  writing  on  the  following  page  is  for  the 
purpose  of  giving  the  student  practice  in  shorthand  reading 
and  writing.  It  contains  words  of  instruction  which  every 
thoughtful  student  will  take  pains  to  follow.  Some  valuable 
hints  may  also  be  obtained  from  a  close  observation  of  the 
phrases  employed. 

The  student  has,  no  doubt,  by  this  time  observed  that  in 
order  to  thoroughly  master  a  principle  of  shorthand  it  is 
necessary  to  practice  it  over  many  times.  The  mere  theory 
of  shorthand  writing  can  be  learned  in  a  few  days'  time,  but 
in  order  to  become  proficient  in  its  use  much  practice  is 
required. 

The  student  should  aim  to  become  so  familiar  with  short- 
hand writing  as  to  enable  him  to  write  with  as  little  thought 
as  is  required  to  write  longhand.  When  such  familiarity 
is  gained  with  the  shorthand  outlines  writing  becomes  a 
great  pleasure. 

The  learner  should  also  observe  whether  in  his  individual 
case  it  is  easier  to  write  shorthand  than  to  read  it,  and  give 
special  attention  to  practice  in  that  direction  in  which  he  is 
most  deficient. 


REVIEW    QUESTIONS. 

What  is  meant  by  phrase  writing?  To  what  extent  should  phrase 
writing  be  employed  ?  How  is  the  phrase  could  not  written  ?  How  is  the 
word  t/ic  phrased?  How  is  the  vioxAyour  written  when  phrased?  How 
are  such  phrases  as  by  and  by  written  ?  How  are  the  phrases  in  the,  on  the 
and  of  the  written  ?  What  is  the  object  of  phrasing  ?  Which  is  the  more 
difficult,  to  write  shorthand  or  to  read  shorthand  ? 


ADVICE  TO    THE  STUDENT.  "^i 


3       " 


o 


C" 


V  ^  ^ 


0~^ 


-^ 


\      V^    o    ^ 


O      /^      o 


^ 


^ 


U  •  /\  /-  ^> 


72  NEW    STANDARD    SHORTHAND. 


LESSON  13. 


FORMATION  OF   OUTLINES. 

Since  many  words  can  be  written  in  more  than  one  way,  the 
question  often  arises  as  to  which  is  the  best  outline  for  a  word. 
There  are  at  least  three  points  which  should  always  be  taken 
into  consideration  in  the  outlining  of  words.  They  are 
legibility,  simplicity  and  analogy.  That  form  of  outline 
should  be  selected  which  secures  these  three  essential  features 
in  their  highest  degree  of  perfection. 

The  words  given  on  the  following  page  are  mostly  of  pecu- 
liar formation,  and  will  serve  to  show  the  flexibility  of 
principles  rather  than  the  regular  application  of  rules. 

Line  i  illustrates  the  preserving  of  analogy.  Line  2 
contains  words  in  which  it  is  best  to  use  a  character  that  but 
ap])roximately  represents  the  sound.  Line  3  shows  the  large 
hook  used  initially,  which  is  elongated  to  add  the  following  i 
or  d.  Line  4  show?;  how  one  straight  line  can  be  joined  with 
another  when  both  extend  in  the  same  direction.  Line  6 
contains  words  in  which  it  is  advantageous  to  reverse  a  circle 
or  hook  on  curved  strokes.  Line  7  shows  how  s  is  expressed 
after  w  or  wh,  that  is  by  slanting  the  zu  backwards,  or  writing 
it  in  an  upright  manner.  Line  8  contains  words  ending  in 
y  in  which  the  finally  or /sound  is  omitted.  Line  9  shows  that  h 
can  be  omitted  in  some  words  without  impairing  the  legibility. 

The  vowels  o  and  u  are  sometimes  omitted  when  they  occur 
between  two  stroke  characters,  as  is  shown  in  line  10.  The 
vowel  in  such  cases  can  be  readily  supplied  in  reading,  as  no 
other  vowels  are  omitted,  and  hence  the  absence  of  a  vowel 
implies  that  it  is  either  o  or  u. 


FORMATION  OF  OUTLINES. 


73 


1  siniilar  similarity         dissimilar         continue  continuance 


i  actual        habitual  congratulate     fraudulent      cordial       toward 


3  intelligent      intelligible         intellect        indispensible  independent 


4  undertake  entertain  perpetual         forfeit  perpetrate 


5  asstias^e  suasion  persuade         requisite         betwixt       bewitch 

^        ^-^-        ^—      C^       Nr-^    ^ 

c  assent  assign         essence  .assignee  susceptible      assault 


7  zoays         ^uhy's     what  is        'whereas  Hie- wise  always 

8  insanity  huDianity        popularity  innnortality         faculty 


9  comprehend        adhesive        behave  behalf        perhaps  exhibit 

10  tooh  stock  now  potatoes       territory  monotony 


11  paying  p'-'i'^-^       drying        drink  eying        ink  ozving 


12  elite  blue  Jliw  plough  cloud  club        flute 

^  ^  y  ^  t> ^X         ^y- 


74  NEW  STANDARD  SHORTHAND. 

DERIVATIVE    OUTLINES. 

The  plate  of  words  given  on  the  following  page  are 
termed  derivative  outlines,  since  they  are  principally  de- 
rived from  a  root  word,  the  writing  of  which  has  already 
been  given. 

In  writing  the  word  out  and  all  of  its  derivatives  it  is 
immaterial  whether  the  loop  is  shaded  or  not,  since  the 
outline  cannot  make  any  other  word  than  out.  See  lines 
6  and  7.  The  third  word  in  line  7  is  the  word  outline,  in 
which  the  /  is  omitted,  since  it  would  make  an  indistinct 
joining  with  the  letter  /. 

In  the  word  over  and  its  derivatives  the  0  can  be 
omitted  provided  the  writer  finds  it  sufficiently  advan- 
tageous, as  is  shown  in  line  8. 

In  the  words  ending  in  on,  as  hereon,  thereon,  the  syllable 
on  is  expressed  by  simply  the  n  stroke,  but  in  words  end- 
ing in  in,  as  herein,  therein,  etc.,  the  syllable  in  is  written 
out  in  or  expressed  by  the  n  hook.  For  an  illustration 
see  the  last  word  in  line  11  and  the  first  word  in  line  12. 

The  e  is  omitted  in  the  syllable  ever  in  such  words  as 
wherever,  whatever^  whoever,  however  and  whenever,  as 
shown  on  line  13. 

REVIEW  QUESTIONS. 
When  a  word  can  be  outlined  in  different  ways,  what  three 
essential  points  should  be  considered  in  making  the  selection  ? 
What  is  meant  by  preserving  analogy?  How  is  s  expressed  after 
IV  in  ways?  When  can  the  letter  h  be  omitted?  When  can  the 
vowels  <7  and  e<  be  omitted?  How  is  the  omission  known?  How 
are  the  words  ending  'r>  011  distinguished  from  those  ending  in  in? 
Can  the  o  be  omitted  in  .he  word  over?  Would  there  be  a  liability 
of  reading  it  very,  or  would  the  context  distinguish  them  ? 


DERIVATIVE  OUTLINES. 


75 


1        all        ^^^\.-~^ 


o\_ 


^^V_.  .    ^=^       /-     <^     > 


4  Jiere  ^ 

5  Jo 


9       'vJiere 


n      XI- 


Q_ 


<??// 


7 


Z_ 


\      / 


cy^ 


y 


until 


^> 


there 


~7        ~^  —p 

ever  y  C^ 


V    -/    ^ 


>  / 


-7        ^^^-7 


"76  NEW    STANDARD    SHORTHAND. 

LESSON   14. 


SIMILAR   WORDS   DISTINGUISHED. 

On  the  following  page  is  given  a  list  of  words  which 
are  similar  in  pronunciation,  and,  therefore,  somewhat 
similar  in  formation.  These  words  are  such  as  should 
be  distinguished  in  writing  in  order  to  secure  perfect 
legibility.  The  student  will  observe  that  in  most  in- 
stances the  division  of  syllable,  accent  or  other  peculi- 
arity in  pronunciation  determines  the  particular  form 
of  outline. 

Occasionally  the  outlines  of  two  words  may  be  some- 
what similar,  although  the  words  are  considerably  dif- 
ferent in  pronunciation,  and,  therefore,  when  outlining 
words  in  shorthand,  it  is  well  to  take  into  account  the 
possibility  there  is  of  the  outline  selected  becoming  like 
some  other  word  when  subjected  to  rapid  execution. 
The  outlines  adopted  in  New  Standard  Shorthand  have 
been  as  far  as  possible  selected  so  as  to  preclude  the 
possibility  of  their  conflicting  in  the  most  rapid  execu- 
tion, and  the  thoughtful  writer  will  carry  this  principle 
out  in  the  outlining  of  words. 

The  student  who  is  careful  to  preserve  a  distinction 
between  all  words  which  are  liable  to  conflict  is  the  one 
who  never  makes  mistakes  in  reading  his  notes.  Very 
frequently  the  legibility  of  a  word  depends  upon  the 
particular  length  of  a  stroke,  and  until  the  writer  has 
become  proficient  in  actual  shorthand  work,  he  should 
take  great  care  to  form  every  character  with  precision. 


SIMILAR   WORDS 

DISTINGUISH  ED. 


arms   q^ 
armies 


emigration 

immigration 

fght 

fi,     J 

farther         ^ 
ftirtJier         ^ 

iiievifable 
unavoidable 


however     — -f 


human    ^/—^ 
humane 
indebted     C      ^ 


Z. 


indicted     C 


m^emoiis 


tttzentioiis 


into 
unto 

this 
these 


patron 

Vo 

pattern 

V 

proscribe 

\'\ 

prescribe 

^\ 

quit  qui 

ie       ^^ 

quiet     ^ 

/ 

sejtt 

^r--. 

send 

--- 

true.     — 

- 

through 

~^ 

yourself 

./— 

yourselve 

^         ^ 

veracity^ 

^ 

voracity 


78  NEW  STANDARD  SHORTHAND. 

SHORTHAND   PUNCTUATION. 

The  different  marks  of  punctuation  used  in  shorthand 
writing  are  shown  on  the  following  page.  The  most  of 
these  are  so  nearly  like  the  marks  used  in  ordinary 
writing  and  printing  as  to  be  self-explanatory. 

The  underscore  is  drawn  beneath  any  word  to  capi- 
talize it. 

The  mark  called  slur  is  used  in  much  the  same  way  as 
the  underscore,  excepting  that  its  special  use  is  to  con- 
nect a  number  of  outlines  or  words  which  are  generally 
expressed  by  their  initial  letters  by  striking  it  above 
them.  As  for  example  in  writing  long  titles  as,  The 
American  Baptist  Publication  Society,  or  The  Young 
Men's  Christian  Association. 

The  mark  which  indicates  doubt  is  used  in  shorthand 
notes  to  show  that  for  some  reason  the  writer  is  in  doubt 
as  to  the  correctness  of  a  word  or  statement,  which  should 
be  inquired  into  at  the  close  of  the  dictation. 


SHORTHAND    NOTATION. 

Amounts  and  periods  of  time  are  written  as  illustrated 
on  the  following  page.  It  will  be  observed  that  the 
order  of  figures,  as  hundreds,  thousands,  millions,  etc.,  are 
expressed  by  the  initial  letter  of  each. 

The  following  is  a  key  to  the  last  seven  expressions 
on  the  following  page  :  Ttventy-four  miles,  three  feet,  ten 
inches,  seven  pounds,  three  shillings,  six  pence,  ninety-nine 
times  out  of  a  hundred. 

The  shorthand  writer  should  be  expert  in  the  forma- 
tion of  good  figures.  They  should  be  of  medium  size, 
and  written  without  shades. 


SHORTHAND  FUNCTUATIOK 


79 


Period 


Comma 


Semicolon 


Colon 


Dash 


Underscore 


Farenthcsis  f  J  Section  V 

Exclamation            '  Dotilit  (  (y 

Interrogation  ^  Sliir  ^ - 

Caret  /\  Applause  ^^O^ 

Paragraph  r^  Laughter  ?T) 

Asterisk  (^  Hissing  _@ 


SHORTHAND  ROTATION'. 

1  kimdred  2^  ^L^  S^  6^^           2-  2^ 

2  thousand  -J- 2^ -^  >                  4£.^               6/ 

3  million  3. ^           / — ^  -7^-^^           ^Z-^      2iL^ 

4  dollars  -£__            3. /(P               4l> 7^_ 


5      periods  of  time 


-2. 


r    "^    7-^ 


4/ 


^    ..-^v  ^    ^-  ^. 


J^ 


^  \j  7?_D  ^"7  /^(J' 


80  NEW  STANDARD  SHORTHAND. 

EEPORTim  COETRAGTIOMB, 

FINAL  LIST. 
|l  'about        accordmg      advantage         advertise         appropriate 

o^        ^  cry  c—  0\' 

a  accomplish  another 

s  christian-ity       circumstance 

^         r 

A  defendant  establish 

"7  "-^ 

6  language         viagnijicent-ce 


? 


itotwithstanding       order -nary      opportunity      propose        particula* 


%  peculiar  period       represent       people  plaintiff      revolution 


e  perpendicular-ity    revelation    subject    suggest      sufficient     scriptttre 

■  V^v  -^    --\    — 1       V"       ^ 

«  signify  icant         superintend-ent         w  he  I  her  hing  kingdom. 

The  above  reporting  contractions  concludes  the  list 
of  contracted  words  that  are  employed  in  the  writing 
of  New  Standard  Shorthand.  After  these  are  committed 
to  memory  the  student  should  practice  writing  all  the 
derivatives  of  each  word. 

The  practice  of  contracting  words  in  shorthand  writing 
can  be  carried  to  an  indefinite  extent,  but  it  is  not  at  all 
necessary  in  order  to  become  proficient  in  all  kinds  of 
shorthand  work  to  contract  words  any  further  than  is 
illustrated  in  this  text-book. 

Derivatives  of  above  contractions  will  be  found  on  pages  147  and  14S. 


ADVICII  TO  YOUNG  MEN. 

GARFIELD. 

L  Z   -^  o    l^ 


81 


8   C 


^ 


o 


^     X^     \X^     /^^    o 

o     v_    /    X"  -     ^g) 

D       /     o      /^  X 

<r-^     ^      O       X>    X       ^      O 


a? 


o 


r"     o 


^ 


82 


GEM^  OF.POKTRX 


— ^  V-  \    ^    ^   - — ^ 

o      <r— ^  —     ^ —   •    .^ 


\    / 


o 


\ 


^ 


-y    -    V 


^  ^ 


COMMERCIAL  CORRESPONB'ENCK.       ^^ 
Letter  Ko.L 


-^ 
^ 


^v  <^-^/ 


-^    >^ o °      ^^^     S     — ^-^ 


"^^  /  -^ 


/9 


-u 


84 


LETTER  No.  II. 


Z? 


s^-  ^-^  ^ 


cr-p     /    — ox   ^f^ 


Q_ 


^7  ^^ 


X 


^'       V 


^  : 


"/J- 


0~      c- 


e 


i2,  . 


6 


tf- -£) 


o/ 


\  / 


^  -/y 


^-^ 


y 


J 


^ 


o     c 


r 


/ 


LETTER  No.  II 
Continued. 


85 


r  A 


^ 


^         o = 


-^  1  °  /  X 


CTn. 


o        ^     — 

-~\  cT —  o    \  - 

■-.    /    \    / 


^ 


Q 


86  NEW  STANDARD  SHORTHAND. 


SHORTHAND  VOCABULARY. 

The  following  shorthand  vocabulary  contains  the  shorthand 
outlines  of  more  than  one  thousand  practical  English  words. 

This  list  has  been  selected  with  a  view  of  furnishing  the 
student  with  the  correct  outline  for  the  leading  words  of  the 
language,  and  is  sufficiently  comprehensive  as  to  furnish  a  key 
to  the  correct  outlining  of  all  words. 


SHORTHAND  VOCABULARY,  87 

1  abatidon      abbreviate      abhor        aioiish        aooinination      aborigines 


V-^    <^      -^^     ov 


2  abscess      absence    absolute      absorb       absurd    abundant   acadein 


^     ^^V^    "^  ^^vx  ^^" 

3  acceleration       accept       accessible    accident    accommodation    account 

(Ts     (T^  (T-    6^~'    d"'^^     <i"^ 

\  accompany        accomplishment    accountant    accumulation     accuracy 


f>ac/:nov.iledsre     accurate       accustom    acquaint  aoquaintance     acquire 
6  acquisition      acquittal     adaptation      adaptability     address       adhere 


7  ctdequate      adhesive  adjacent       adjective      adjourn    adjustment 

J^  ^-7  ^    V/       ^-^       V. 

8  admirable    administet  admission     advance      advetittcre    adversary 
0  adversity        advisable  advocate   aerial      cvsthetics  ajj'idavit    aj/nin 

10  affirmative       afford  aq^ravate      agency  aggregate       '     asritation 

11  agreeable          alcoJiol  alloioance     almanac      alphabet         alternate 

12  amanuensis         ambitious       amendment         amusement         American 


13  amicable       analogy        ancestor        angular      animal      annihilation 


14  anniversary        annoyance    annual    annuity       anonymous    answer 

15  answerable      antagonistic     antarctic      anterior      antliracite   antique 

16  antiquity        anticipation     antitJiesis       anxiety     anxious    apologize 


88 


NEW  STANDARD   SHORTHAND. 


1  ajipardtns       appearance  applicable            appreciate        appre/ienJ 

%—-                ^  Ov/^                  (X^^             CX^_^ 

2  approximately        aqueduct  arbitrary        architect        argument 

3  aristocracy          aristocratic^  arithmetic        arithmetician       aroinid 

4  article      artistic    ascertain  assassin      assembly     assertion       assist 


5  assessment        assi<:nment       assistance  association  associate 


c  assurance       astonish       astronomer      at/ieism        atlieist       athletic 
1  Atlantic        atmosphere  attainment     attendance    attention     attorney 


8  audience      augment      authenticity     author       authority      authorize 

o— ^       c5^^^     cr^_^= —      o—        o-° —        o^ 

9  avenue       auxiliary       average     avocation        bachelor        backwards 

10  bankbook       baptize        bankrupt       bargain       before luind     beginning 

11  beiiediction      beneficent  beneficial       benevolent         bereavement 
.12  book-keeper          borrow        boundary       burdensome    burglar     cabinet 


13  calamity  calculation       campaign     capital       capacity  carelessness 

14  catalogue      catholic       catJiolicism     celebration     centennial         center 

15  central      ceremony       certain       certificate  challenge         cJiastisement 

<—-        ^-^  —^       -7^     Ck  \y-^ 

16  cheerfulness         clieinistiy       Christianity         '  citizen        civilization 


"    "Z.^         SHORTHAND  VOCABULARY.  89 

1  classical    cognizance     coincide       collateral       combination      college 

2  commemoration         commencement  cot?tt?terce  commercial 

3  commodity  commonplace  commonwealth  communion 

4  companion         comparison     compensation     competition  complainant 

5  comprehension      complex       complicate         composition    compromise 
c  computation        concern        concealment     concoitration       conclude 


>  concl iision      condemnation         conduct         confederate      conference 

8  confiscate      congenial     congratulation        congregation       congress 

9  conjecture     conscience    consciencioiis      consciousness     consequence 

10  considerable        consignment      consolation      consonant     constituent 


11  constitution        constrztct      construction       context      •   consumption 

12  contaminate         contemplation  contemptible  continuation 


13  continue      contradiction     contradistinction      contrary  contribution 

14  contro-versy        convenience       conversation      conviction    co-operation 

/^^^        </  ^O?       /^       /^^^ 

15  copyright         corporation        coned         correction         correspondence 


iG   country       corroboration     counteract     counterfeit    creation     credit 


90 


NEW  STANDARD  SHORTHAND. 


1  criminal      criticise      cultivation        cttltiire        ctistoin      customary 

2  damage     danger        debility        declaration      decoration       deficiejicy 

3  degeneration  del  iterate  deliberation  delinquent  deliverance 
J  deliver  demonstration  denomination  dentist  denunciation 
5  department  deponent         deportment        deposition         depreciatz 


c  derangement       desecription      desecration      desideratum       destination 
7  destitute  destruction      deteriorate      deterioration        determination 


8  detestable         detriment     develop       development    deviation     devoted 

9  dexterous     diagram  dictation       diffeience      different   digestion 
10  dignified      dilapidate      diligent     dimension      diminish     diphtheria 


11  diploma       direct    direction   disagreeable    disappearance        disaster 


12  disastrous        disburse       discern       discharge     disciple         discipline 


i^  discontentment      discontinue  discount       discourage      discover 


n  discriminate         disgrace        dishonest     dishonorable         disinterested 
15  dismissal      disobedient       dispensation       disposition        disqualify 


\6  disrespectful         dissatisfaction     dissimilar       dissipation     dissolve 


SHORTHAND  VOCABUIvARY.  91 

1  distance      distinction        distingttisA         distribution     distrustful 


1  disturbance       diversify       diversity    divinity       divorce     dominion 
z  dollar     doithtful       doxology    dramatic    draivee  druggist  djunkard 


4  duplicate       durability  during    eastern      eccentricity    ecclesiastical 


5  ecclectic      economical       economy         educate       education    efficient 


6  effort        elasticity       electricity        electrotype  elementary      eligible 


7  elliptical  eloctition  ,      eloqtience  elucidate      emancipation 


8  embarrass  embezzlement        emblematical          embodies    emergency 

9  employs  employer       employment        eiuourage  eruyclopedia 

10  endanger  endeavor      endurance    energetic      energy  enforcement 

^  ^    c^     ^     c  ^-, 

Vi  enforce  ern^age         engineer        English       engrave  enjoyment 

^  ci      1-       ^     ^  V, 

12  enlargement        enormous       entertain      enthusiasm  enthusiastic ^ 


13  enumeration       envelop        epidemic        episcopal  equatorial  equity 


\^  equinoctial      eqtiitable     erro7teously  especially    estimaticm     eternal 


n  eternity         etiquette     evangelical    evideiue      evolution      excepting 
16  exaggeration       examination      exceedingly    excellent    exceptionable 


92  NKW   STANDARD  SHORTHAND. 

1  excessive  exclaviatory         excruciating        exectition        executive 

t  exhibit  existence      exorbitant       expect     expedient     expenditure 

s  expensive  experience       experiment       explanation       exploration 

4  explicit  exportation     exposition      express     expression    exquisite 


B  extemporaneotis         extemporary      exterior     extermination     external 


6  extinguish     extraordinary      extravagance  extreme     facilitate 

7  facsimile       factory  faculty  failure    famous  fashion   fashionable 

/^--^    /^   /-\  cV    ^^—     -^  ■    C 

8  favor    favorable  fermentation       ferocity       fiction  fictitious  figure 

a  fidelity      figurative    financial       fire-engine        fireman    flourish 
10  fluctuation      foolish     forfeit       formality     fortunate     foundation 


11  fortune      fracture    franchisement     fraternal      fraternity    fulfill 


VI  fraudulent      friendship      frugality     fundamental  funeral  furnish 


13  gazette      generation       generosity      german  germinate     gesture 

14  glorious       gospel    government     graduation      grammar       grocery 


\h  grammatical    grand-jury       guarantee       guaranty      guilty    habit 

-7         "        ' 


habitual         halleujah         fiand kerchief        haphazard        harmonize 


SHORTHAND   VOCABUI<ARY. 
1  harvest     headquarters       he,iiurrhage  Iienceforth         hereditary 


1  heroic       hesitation       hieroglyphic         historical       hitherto      holiday 


3  homicide      .honestly     honorably    horizontal     horticulture      hospital 


4  humility      hundred     husband     hydraulic         hygiene       hypothesis 

5  identical    identify    idoli::e         ignominious     ignoramus       ignorant 


C  illegible         illiterate        illustration       imagination        immaterial 


7    immediate        immorality        immortal        impartial        imperative 


8  importance      impossible       imprison       improve  inability  inasmuch 


9  inaccessible     inanimate      inatiguration    inclination       inconsistent 


10  include     iiuomprehensible    inconvenience       indemnity      indenture 

c7 


6  c-^    ^^ 

11  indiscriminate       individual        indorse  industrious       industry 


C 


12  inefficient       inevitable       inferiority     infidelity    influence  iniquity 

13  influential       inheritance        tnitiatio7t    innumerable       inoffensive 


U  insanity        instantaneous       insurrection       integrity     intellectual 
15  intelligent       interesting      interferance         interior      interrogation 


16  internal       interrogatory         intestate         intoxication    introduction 


^       ^ 


94 


NEW  STANDARD  SHORTHAND. 


1  introductory       invention        investigate        invincible     involuntary 

2  invoice       irrecoverable     irregularity      irrelative     irrelevant      italic 

3  irresistible       irresponsible      irritation   jealous    journal    journalist 

4  judgment    judicial        judicious  jurisdiction         jurisprudoue 

U^         I — o         L^^  !_,  si__, 

5  justification      kingdom       labors       laborious       landlady     landlord 

6  languish,    lawyer      lecture    legal     legality      legislation   legislature 

7  lexicographer     liberality       librarian       licentious   .  liquidate    liquor 


,8  literature         location  locality      lucrative        luxury       machine 

9    magazine      magnanimous        magnetism    ■    magnificent      magnify 


10  majority     manifestation      manufacture  marsha.ll        masculine 


11  masonic        mathematics     mature       maximum      meantime  measure 


12  mechanical      medical       rnedicinal         medicine    meditate      memory 
n  memorandum        mental       mention.  mercantile       .merchandise 


u  merchant       meritorious  mesmerism  method        rnetJiodical 

15  tnethodist         metropolis     metropolitan      millennium      milliotmire 


16  million        minister         miscellaneous       mischievous         miserable 


SHORTHAND  VOCABULARY.  95 

1  inisrepreseiti        missionary      misunderstand  modern         money 


2  misunderstood       monopolize         mother        mountain  movement 


3  'municipal      murder     murderer         museum         jnusician    mutual 


4  mysteriouH        naturalize    neglect      negligent     negotiation  neuralgia 

5  nevertheless      newspaper     nobody      nomination      nonsense    normal 


6  north-east       north-easter 7t      north-west         north-western       notice 


J 


7  notoriety  notorious      notwithstanding    nuisance       numeration 


8  obligation     obscure     observation       obstacle      obstruction     occasion 
<N^  ^N^  "N'  %-^  N^  /^ 


9  occurrence       offensive     offer      office     officer     official     omnipotent 
\(i  omniscient     operation      opponent      opposition     oratorical       oratory 


■I    / 


II  otdi}uiry     organization     organize  orthodox      oxygen  pamphlet 


npanorama      parallel      paralyze    parentage  parliamentary    patriot 
i3  participate       partnership  patriotism        pecuniary     penurious 


u  peradventttre         percentage         perennial       pernieate      persecution 

^  ^      v--^   \^-,^    N/-- 

\hpersonal  perspicuity        perspiration       persuasion        perusal 


^petitioner   '       phenomenon       philosopher     J)honpgraphy  physical 


96 


NEW  STANDARD   SHORTHAND. 


1  physician     physiology     picture         pilgrim      plaj\ifis>n  plausible 

2  pneumonia     political        polytechnic         popularity       population 

3  possessor       postmaster        post-office      practicability       predecessor 


4  precede      preparatory         p'-(possess         presbyterian  prescribe 


^privilege        problem       proceedings        procrastination         procure 
e  prodjice      production        profess     profession     professor    proficiency 


proficient    profitable       prognosticate       progression         progressive 


8  prohibition    promiscuous     promissory      pronunciation  propensity 


9  prophesy        proprietor  proscribe        prosecution        prospective 


\(i  prosperity         protection        protestant        providence         pulmonary 
upttncttial     purchase     purgatory  pursttcint     quadi  uped     quantity 

-^      \       ^       x^  /^X  x^ 

Vi  qualification       quarantine  quartette  quinine        quitclaim 

K  quotation  railroad    railivay       reaction       reality      rebel       rebel 


14  receipt        recess     reciprocal      recognize    recoj): mcndation    rectitude 
\^reconnaiter        reconsideration         recreation      reduction     re -enforce 

A-        c^        ^-^      ^.     ^ 

10  re-elect         re-enforcemcnt       re-imbursemeni       re-iterate      relative 


SHORTHAND    VOCABULARY. 


97 


1  reliable       religion     religious    relinquish      remarkable       remittance 

2  remembrance    reminiscence       remonstrate    remuneration         reporter 

3  reorganization        repentance         reproduce       republic        republican 

^T^       ^-^^     z"^^—    r\     /'^^ 

i  request      requital   research     residence     resolution     resort    resource 


5  respectful     respondent       responsible      restaurant      result     reunion 


6  resurect-ion        revelation  revererue       revival  revolutionize 

t  rhetoric     rhetorical  rheumatism        righteous        righteousness 

8  romantic      royalty        ruin     sabbath        sacrifice      sagacity  salvage 

9  salvation     sanctification        sanctimonious  sanguine      sarcasm 

10  sarcastic  schedule  scientific  secession  self-evident  semicircle 
ti  sensation  sepulchre  serious  sermon  settlement  sextant 
'^'^  shipwreck      short-hand       signature  simplicity        simuItaiUi'iis 


13  singular     situate       situation   slavery   solemn      solicit      solicitude 


u  solitary      solvency       somewhat         southeast         sound     southwest 

\b  specification         speculation         standard  stationary       statistics 

^O  %.Ao  c c 7</^    c 


^ 


16  statue      statute      statutory     stipulation       stockholder      subjection 


98  NEW  STANDARD  SHORTHAND. 

,1  subjugation    stibjtnictive      sublimity     subordinate        subordination 


2  subscription      substance      substantiate       substitution         succession 

3  successive  sticcessor  summons  supet abundance  superfluous 
i  suicide  superior  superiority  supernatural  supersede  suppose 
5    iuper structure      supposition        supremacy        supreme     susceptible 


6  sitrgeon     surround    surveyor     sympathetic     synonymovs     synopsis 


systematic        systematize      tabernacle      tariff      technical    telegram 


5  telegraph       telescope    temperance      tendency     termination    territory 


9  terrestrial        testimonial       testimony        text-book        thanksgiving 


theatrical      theoretic  theory     thorotigh      thousand     to-morrow 


~u~^ 


11  thoughtlessness      topographer       tragedy        transcend    transcendent 


12  transcribe       transfigziration    transformation      transient    transition 


13  trangression         transitory  translation         transplant        travel 

14  transportation       transposition       treacherous         treasurer    tribunal 


V. 


-6  '  . 

15  tremendous        trigonometry        trinitarian      triumph    troublesome 


tuition       tyranical      tyranny        ultimate       umpire   unaccountable 


SHORTHAND    VOCABUI^ARY. 


99 


1  unavoidable        nncertain     tincivilized      uncommon       unconscious 


2  unconstitutional      underhand        undoubted  unequal  imfortunatc 

^f~^  C— 6~^        C— ^^ c^~^  7 

s  uninterested       union    universal       university        unless  unnattiral 

4  unjtecessary     unqttalified      unrighteous       unsatisfactory      utility 

5  unsuccessful     unwilling      utmost       uttera/tce     vacation    valuable 

^'         c-~v_  ^^--^    ^       j^     cA^ 

(,  valedictory       valuation      variation     variety       vegetation    verbatim 
7  verdict  verification      verify       viaduct    vicissitude       victorious 


s  victory        vindicative       virtue        vocabulary       volume   voluntary 

l^    J-^^    f       l^^    <_,    -^. 

9  warrant        welcome        welfare     'ivestern  westward     tuholesale 


10  withhold       witness         woman       wonderful         yanhee    youngest 
\i  zealous      zenith      zigzag     zoological 


100  NEW    STANDARD    SHORTHAND. 

REPORTING. 

The  New  Standard  System  of  Shorthand  furnishes  the 
stenographer  with  a  rapid  and  legible  system  of  writing, 
which  is  adapted  to  all  the  uses  made  of  shorthand  writing. 
In  this  system  the  learner  is,  therefore,  not  obliged  to  go 
through  a  further  set  of  rules  and  methods  of  contracting  in 
order  to  be  able  to  report.  He  is  already  in  possession  of 
what  will,  by  continued  practice,  serve  him  most  faithfully  in 
all  fields  of  shorthand  work. 

The  phrases  and  engraved  shorthand  matter  which  follows 
should  be  carefully  studied  and  practiced,  the  student  endeav- 
oring to  obtain  therefrom  as  many  practical  ideas  as  possible. 
After  these  plates  have  been  written  several  times  the  writer 
can  then  begin  to  practice  for  speed.  Each  plate  should  be 
written  from  dictation  at  least  a  half  dozen  times  each  day, 
and  continued  from  day  to  day  until  they  can  be  written 
easily  and  at  a  speed  of  from  loo  to  150  words  per  minute. 

The  reporting  of  testimony  in  court  is  considerably  differ- 
ent from  all  other  kinds  of  stenographic  work.  While  it  is 
no  more  difficult  than  some  other  fields  of  reporting,  there  is 
much  to  learn  besides  the  mere  taking  down  of  what  is 
heard.  Those  who  are  fitting  themselves  for  court  reporting 
should  attend  court  proceedings  as  often  as  possible  and  glean 
all  the  knowledge  they  can  pertaining  to  the  reporter's  work. 


a^NERAL  REFORTma  PHRASES 

at  least     (j-'^^-'^ 

at  last    0~^ ^ 

at  t/ie  time    o      D 


101 


at  this  time.   0~ 
at  that  time     C 


J 


act  of  Congress    f<'^^ 

act  of  Parliament    ^^^ 

at  all  events       / 

by  the  way     \^ 

by  no  means 

by  any  means 

coming  and  going 

Chamber  of  Conwierce      l^^^ 

fitrtJier  than     ^—^ 

for  instance     c_D 

hither  and  thi/her  ^^^?TD 

/lere  and  there     Jy^ 

Uonse  of  Representatives 

House  of  Parliament 

iiQtise  and  lot 


in  a  few  days   ^ — D 

in  the  first  place 

in  the  second  place 

in  order  to      o 

J  do  not  know     ° — 

P  do  not  think     '' 

it  is  very  diffictilt 

in  such  manner 

it  is  necessary 

it  zuill  be  remembered      '^^\/^^ 

in  some  cases      C Z> 

Ladies  and  Gentlemen 
Mister  President    ^     ^ 
on  the  contrary 
on  the  one  hand, 
on  the  ot/ier  7m  nd 
once  in  a  'while 
party  of  the  first  part 
party  of  the  second  part 
Voting  men  and  women     J- 


-^-b 


102 


COURT  JlEPORTMa  PHRAS'ES. 


as  a  tnatter  of  fact    C    '^y^ 
by  tlie  court 


county  court 

counsel  for  the  defendant 

counsel  for  t/ie  flatntiff ^f^ 

cross  examination   ^ C    ^ 

do  you  recollect 

do  you  remember 

direct  jx a  m  ina  tion 
Grand  Jury  ^^ 

Habeas  Corjpus 

how  long  have  you'  been     ^^ 

I  can  not  remember 


T<rrs- 


7  do  not  remember 

I  have  not  been      / 

/  will  not  be    ""^ 

learned  counsel 
-  objection  sustaitud 

objection^  overruled         >v 
prisoner  at  the  bar    Nj-^^-; — v 

redirect  examination     /   ^ 

Stiperior  Court    - — '\^ 
'what  is  your  business        \J\ 

what  is  your  occupation     '-A^ 
your  Honor     ^ — • — - 

verdict  of  t lie  jury 


THE'OLOaiaAL  EHRASES. 


Almighty  Cod. 
Christ  Jesus 
Holy  Ghost 
Holv  Spirit   i^\^ 
Jesus  Christ 
kingdom  of  Iieaven 


kingdom  of  God    — '■    -^ 
Lord  and  Savior     >■       ^ 
resurrection  of  the  body 
JRqman  CatJwlic  Church 
Savior  of  the  world   ^ 
Son  of  man      - — '^    b 


STATES  AND  COUNTRIES, 


103 


Alabama  Arizona  Arkansas  California         Colorado 

Connecticut       Dakota         Delatvare  Florida       Georgia      Idaho 

^      •       -^         --N        ./^  /  ^ 

Illinois       Indiana  loiua  A'ansas         Kejttiicky      Louisiana 

-^  -^^  ^  ^  ^  _^ 

Maine         Maryland       Massachusetts  Michigan-       Mississippi 


Missouri         Minnesota        Montana      New  Hampshire         A^ew  York 


Ne-w  Mexico         Neio  Jersey  Nebraska  Nevada     N.  Carolina 

Ohio        Oregon     Pennsylvania  Rhode  Island  South  Carolina 

Tennessee      Texas  Utah  Vermont        Virginia      IVashington 

West  Virginia  Wisconsin  IVyoming 


Africa  Alaska        Austria        Australia  Asia       Brazil 

British  America        China     Central  America        Cuba      Dominion  of 
Canada        i^SyP^     England  Europe        France       Great  Britain 

Germany         India         Ireland        Italy  United  States  of  America 


104  NEW    STANDARD    SHORTHAND. 

DAYS,  MONTHS  AND  TITLES. 

StiiiJay      Monday         Tuesday        Wednesday         Thnisday      Fridav 


L 


Gov. 
// 

When  titles  of  organizations  occur  in  which  there  are  two 
or  more  names,  as  American  Bible  Association,  Y.  M.  C.  A., 
L.  E.  &  W.  R.  R.,  the  best  rule  to  follow  in  writing 
them  is  to  simply  write  the  initial  letters.  This  will  be  follow- 
ing the  printer's  rule  of  abbreviating  such  expressions,  and  to 
show  that  the  several  initial  letters  are  a  part  of  a  proper 
name,  a  slur  can  be  struck  immediately  above  so  as  to  embrace 
the  entire  combination.  In  rapid  writing  the  mind  always 
seeks  to  outline  new  A\-ords  and  expressions  by  the  use  of 
simple  and  fundamental  principles,  and  unless  some  general 
rule  is  followed  in  the  writing  of  such  names  the  reporter  .s 
put  to  a  great  disadvantage  in  keeping  up  when  they  occur  in 
rapid  dictation.  The  writing  of  initial  letters  is  the  only 
universal  rule  that  can  be  followed,  and  as  vowels  can  be  as 
readily  written  as  consonants  there  is  the  same  legibility 
obtained  as  in  the  case  of  a  printed  or  longhand  abbreviation. 

The  intelligent  reporter  will,  of  course,  in  reporting  con- 
ventions and  proceedings  of  all  kinds  where  technical 
expressions  are  used  over  and  over,  extemporize  brief  out- 
lines for  their  representation. 


SPEECH 

before  the  House  of  Representatives. 


105 


^  ■  ^  I 


CT" 


^      ---    //tT^ 


^o/   V 


^ 


/    v 


o       / 


\ 


^  J    ^  • 


-^    7    ^ 


'^"^^  —   '^    *> 


^     o 


106 


SPEECH 

Before  the  House  of  Representatives. 


O        c/ 


^     1 


10   //^f      O 


12  /-^ 

13  O       O 


O       /O- 


/^^^      O 


/   S7) 


C  D 


O 


~\ 


\ 


_Q D 


^ °  %; 

o    crx    .    ^    ^ 
/    — ^ 


BIBLE  SELECTIONS. 


107 


o    ^j.     ^     -^    ^    o     <     /  -    -^ 
-^   cr^    /-     z^    ^V^    -^  ^   \.^ 

O C       ^     X      '^-S>         C Z7         /       ^Xi         J         "^ 


A 


\ 


10      ^ 


>  • 


^ 


y 


V 


<  ^  \^ 


o 


o 


^      o    -^ 


^  ^  A 


108 


COURT  TESTIMONY. 


.a 


/ 


V 


"^ 


c-tJ     \ 


17' 


'~^ 


^96 


2  (?J> 


o    <- 


^  ■  /^  .  __/^ 


O         3 


%     ^    c— ^    o     /^    ^    \-^ 


^ 


^  7  '  - 


V 


PRINCIPLES.  109 

FINAL   SUGGESTIONS. 

Now  that  the  student  has  gone  over  everything  given 
in  the  text-book,  he  should  at  this  point  consider  the 
advisability  of  reviewing  the  work.  If,  upon  reflection, 
it  is  found  that  a  review  is  needed,  then  the  review 
lessons  which  follow  should  be  carefully  gone  over.  In 
fact,  no  student  should  be  content  to  pass  by  these  les- 
sons entirely,  as  they  afford  a  most  excellent  drill  which 
cannot  be  gotten  in  any  other  way. 

You  will  necessarily  meet  some  new  words  in  these 
lessons  and  must  rely  upon  your  own  ability  to  outline 
them  in  the  most  approved  manner.  The  sooner  you 
learn  to  outline  new  words  quickly  the  sooner  you  will 
be  ready  for  practice  on  miscellaneous  work.  The  best 
and  most  experienced  writers  will  occasionally  run  across 
new  words,  which  must  be  outlined  on  the  spur  of  the 
moment.  The  principles  of  this  system  are  so  universal 
in  their  application  that  the  thoughtful  student  will  have 
little  or  no  difficulty  in  outlining  the  most  uncommon 
words.  You  have  doubtless  already  learned  that  the 
shortest  outline  for  a  word  is  not  always  the  best.  There 
are  three  points  that  should  be  remembered  in  the  out- 
lining of  every  word  :  Legibility^  simplicity  and  analogy.  In 
outlining  new  words  you  should  always  keep  these  three 
principles  in  mind,  and  then  adopt  the  best  form  after 
testing  it  in  accordance  with  these  three  points.  Legibility 
should  always  be  considered  first,  for  without  this  the 
writing  is  of  no  value  whatever.  Simplicity  of  outline 
should  be  considered  second,  striving  to  secure  forms 


110  NEW    STANDARD    SHORTHAND. 

that  will  not  become  distorted  when  subjected  to  high 
speed.  The  preserving  of  analogy  should  be  taken  into 
consideration  last.  Although  this  is  a  very  important 
point,  the  others  must  take  precedence,  as  the  easy  pre- 
serving of  analogy  depends  mostly  upon  the  construction 
of  the  system  ;  and  in  New  Standard  Shorthand  it  is,  as 
a  rule,  secured  without  special  effort. 

When  you  begin  practice  for  speed  on  unfamiliar  mat- 
ter you  will  frequently  find  yourself  hesitating  on  some 
new  word,  and  by  concentrating  the  mind  upon  outlining 
it,  you  will  very  likely  lose  the  remaining  part  of  the 
sentence.  This  is  something  you  must  guard  against. 
Never  lose  a  sentence  or  any  part  of  one,  simply  because 
one  word  is  unfamiliar  and  difficult  to  outline.  Better, 
a  hundred  times,  omit  the  word  without  attempting  to 
outline  it,  than  to  lose  a  sentence.  If  everything  except- 
ing that  one  word  is  written,  you  will  find  that  nine 
times  out  of  ten  you  can  supply  the  word  when  making 
the  transcript.  Especially  is  this  true  if  you  understand 
the  subject  upon  which  you  are  writing,  and  this  every 
successful  stenographer  is  able  to  do. 

Another  thing  you  must  not  do  is,  to  repeat  words  or 
sentences  to  yourself  when  writing.  Many  get  into  the 
habit  when  learning  shorthand  of  pronouncing  words 
and  sentences  (especially  when  the  word  is  difficult  to 
outline),  to  themselves  in  a  whispered  tone.  This  habit 
is  very  detrimental  to  speed,  and,  of  course,  must  be 
broken  up  entirely  before  you  are  in  a  way  to  progress 
rapidly  and  satisfactorily. 


PRINCIPLES.  Ill 

There  is  one  subject  of  great  importance  of  which  we 
have  not  yet  spoken,  and  that  is  rapid  thinking.  To  be 
able  to  write  shorthand  at  a  high  rate  of  speed  one  must 
be  master  of  more  than  one  art ;  he  must  be  able  to 
think  at  a  rate  of  at  least  150  words  per  minute,  and  at 
the  same  time  trace  the  outlines  with  an  equal  degree  of 
rapidity.  But  this  is  not  all.  He  must  understand  what 
he  is  writing  about.  A  stenographer  is  not  a  successful 
writer  of  shorthand  unless  he  fully  comprehends  the 
meaning  of  the  words  that  are  being  rapidly  traced  in 
outlines.  A  mere  machine  stenographer  can  never  make  a 
success  of  shorthand  writing  ;  and  unless  one  has  a  fair 
English  education  he  must  resolve  to  acquire  it  as  he 
pursues  the  study  of  shorthand,  or  else  he  need  not  ex- 
pect to  make  a  success  of  the  art. 

In  order  to  reach  much  proficiency  in  the  art  of  short- 
hand writing  it  is  necessary  to  practice  a  great  amount 
from  dictation.  After  you  have  completed  everything 
in  the  text-book  in  a  thorough  manner  you  should  begin 
to  practice  on  outside  matter. 

Further  reading  matter  correctly  outlined  for  practice 
will  be  found  in  carefully  graded  lessons  on  various  in- 
teresting and  practical  topics  in  the  New  Standard  Short- 
hand Reader,  and  also  in  McKee's  Shorthand  Magazine. 


112  NEW    STANDARD    SHORTHAND. 


COURSE  OF  LESSONS  FOR  REVIEW  PRACTICE, 

Containing  a  carefully  graded  course  of  practical 
matter  arranged  in  the  same  order  as  the  instructions 
which  have  preceded,  and  carried  to  such  an  extent  as 
will  furnish  the  learner  with  a  sufficient  amount  of  prac- 
tice as  to  enable  him  to  become  thoroughly  proficient  in 
the  use  of  the  system. 

Note. — In  practicing  the  following  review  lessons  the  student 
should  strive  to  increase  his  speed  in  writing  at  each  lesson.  Rapid 
writing  comes  from  perfect  familiarity  with  correct  outlines  for 
words,  and  the  student  should  first  be  able  to  write  every  word  in 
a  lesson  without  a  moment's  hesitation,  and  then  he  is  ready  to 
practice  for  speed. 


REVIEW    LESSONS.  113 


REVIEW   LESSONS. 


LESSON  1. 

ALPHABETIC  COMBINATIONS. 

At,  add,  ape,  ail,  aim,  age,  ash,  back,  beg,  boy,  ball,  bank,  bath, 
hadge,  beech,  cake,  cook,  call,  care,  catch,  cheek,  chief,  chill,  coal, 
cow,  cup,  cash,  dash,  dare,  day,  deep,  deck,  die,  ditch,  dodge,  due, 
each,  eat,  ease,  ear,  ebb,  fall,  faith,  few,  fife,  five,  fool,  gig, 
gale,  goal,  hack,  hatch,  high,  home,  house,  how,  hung,  hush,  if,  in, 
eyes,  itch,  aisle,  join,  joy,  John,  Jane,  jail,  keep,  knife,  kill,  laugh, 
law,  line,  lame,  low,  lack,  leap,  liar,  mail,  make,  map,  match, 
mile,  mob,  mayor,  name,  new,  nice,  ninth,  on,  out,  oak,  oath,  own, 
pain,  pole,  patch,  peach,  pipe,  pinch,  pope,  pouch,  pair,  push,  quick, 
quack,  queer,  quoth,  quell,  reap,  rope,  rob,  rose,  rough,  row,  rush, 
royal,  sage,  saw,  sick,  sooth,  size,  sash,  take,  teach,  toil,  tooth,  top, 
touch,  type,  us,  up,  view,  wait,  wake,  walk,  war,  watch,  wave, 
weak,  \veb,  wedge,  weep,  weight,  when,  whip,  white,  who,  whom, 
wing. 


114  NEW  STANDARD  SHORTHAND. 

LESSON  2. 

ALPHABETIC  COMBINAT-IONS. 
Ida,  Nellie,  Mary,  Eva,  Philip,  lady,  shady,  easy,  any,  folly, 
sorry,  tarry,  happy,  narrow,  borrow,  sorrow,  pillow,  tallow,  laying, 
playing,  winning,  warning,  willing,  evening,  awning,  watching, 
chopping,  wedding,  fishing,  morning,  keeping,  pushing,  meaning, 
lining,  burning,  shipping,  airing,  ailing,  dealing,  calling,  waiting, 
loving,  sheath,  wreath,  hath,  wrath,  teeth,  fifth,  eighth,  depth,  youth, 
myth,  dash,  rash,  sash,  wash,  dish,  parish,  Irish,  marsh,  hush,  mica, 
pica,  idea,  data,  coach,  bench,  pinch,  match,  patch,  ditch,  ado, 
tatto,  ditto,  motto,  kitchen,  happen,  often,  even,  oven,  attic,  arrow, 
avail. 


LESSON   3. 

THE  HOOKS. 
Scare,  scarce,  scheme,  school,  sky,  slack,  sleep,  sling,  slow, 
sluggish,  small,  smile,  snap,  snare,  sneak,  snow,  spare,  sparrow, 
speaks,  speech,  spill,  squall,  square,  squeaks,  squire,  stacks,  stage, 
stairs,  stall,  stick,  steals,  steam,  steps,  stitch,  stop,  stores,  storm, 
keeps,  calls,  games,  term,  adorn,  realm,  alarm,  shorn,  barn,  burn, 
corn,  chicken,  bitten,  warm,  warn,  widen,  women,  thorn,  endorse, 
endow,  engine,  ensue,  entail,  index,  injury,  inquire,  intense,  invade, 
involve,  imbue,  immense,  impair,  impale,  impeach,  impure,  tears, 
doors,  mixes,  makes,  six,  lines,  cares,  kicks,  checks,  chips,  chills, 
pains,  pails,  bills,  pairs,  peaches,  catches,  teaches,  worse,  wits 
whines,   watches,   weeps,   walks,   homes. 


•    REVIEW    LESSONS.  115 

LESSON  4. 

CONTRACTED  WORDS  AND  SENTENCES. 

I,  a,  you,  the,  that,  is,  as,  we,  why,  to,  do,  thing,  no,  my,  so, 
was,  pubhc,  be,  which,  judge,  wish,  will,  are,  or,  go,  question,  of, 
have,  he,   young. 

When  may  I  gc  and  see  the  new  school-house  ?  Vou  may  go  when  you 
have  nothing  else  to  do.  Are  you  sure  that  we  will  be  too  late  ?  Do  yc  u 
know  that  is  so  ?  I  wish  you  to  be  the  judge  of  that  question.  He  was  lo 
do  that.  I  will  go  to  the  public  school  in  the  fall.  Which  will  you  have  ? 
The  young  men  will  see  to  that.  You  are  too  young  to  think  of  doing  that. 
How  do  you  know  that?  When  will  you  see  them  ?  I  know  he  will  do 
it.  Do  you  go  to  school  now  ?  How  do  you  know  that  he  will  do  as  the 
public  wish  ? 


LESSON   5. 

THE  HALVING  PRINCIPLE. 

Trade,  trail,  trap,  treaty,  trench,  trick,  troops,  drag,  drain,  drawer, 
dread,  dream,  drive,  dry,  prayer,  preacher,  prepare,  pretty,  prime, 
prior,  prop,  brain,  brave,  break,  breath,  bride,  broker,  brush,  crack, 
cream,  crumb,  Greek,  green,  grain,  frail,  free,  fresh,  robber,  trader, 
better,  rider,  elder,  gender,  wafer,  offer,  ever,  eager,  ledger,  stagger, 
finger,  linger,  pitcher,  butcher,  voucher,  feather,  leather,  weather, 
father,  gather,  rather,  neither,  higher,  maker,  other,  speaker,  quaker, 
cracker,  toiler,  seller,  teller,  steamer,  paper,  leaper,  keeper,  wrapper, 
copper,  water,  winter,  latter,  letter,  matter,  fever,  lever,  driver,  hire, 
near,   sir,    learn. 


110  NEW    STANDARD    SHORTHAND. 

LESSON   G. 

THE  LENGTHENING  PRINCIPLE. 

Act,  ticket,  talked,  walked,  old,  apt,  east,  end,  art,  malt,  guild, 
built,  slant,  quaint,  want,  bent,  rent,  intent,  joint,  point,  print,  start, 
quart,  short,  sport,  least,  last,  cost,  custom,  wild,  cold,  scold,  fold, 
hold,  land,  grand,  spend,  kind,  attend,  mind,  wind,  bound,  sound, 
board,    guard,    third,     sword,     attract,    advent,     agent,    offered,    opened. 

"  And  God  said  let  there  be  light  and  there  was  light,  and  God  saw  that 
it  was  good."  He  said  he  thought  the  boy  could  write  and  read,  but  I  do 
not  think  so. 

N(jrE. — The  following  words  can  be  written  by  lengthening  the  first 
character  and  placing  the  vowel  at  the    end  of  the  stroke  : 

Head,  dead,  lead,  bed,  red,  caught,  rate,  late,  neat,  seat,  load, 
road,    coat,   suit,  paid. 


LESSON  T. 

MINUTING  PRINCIPLE. 

Plant,  /lea,  plate,  plead,  pledge,  plenty,  blank,  black,  blemish, 
blind,  claim,  claw,  clear,  climb,  flesh,  typical,  critical,  optical,  vocal, 
able,  agreeable,  fable,  liable,  table,  suitable,  stable,  taxable,  feeble, 
bible,  credible,  marble,  double,  miracle,  oracle,  flexible,  scramble, 
humble,  noble,  fiddle,  middle,  idle,  rifle,  trifle,  eagle,  equal,  giggle, 
speckle,  ankle,  cripple,  staple,  couple,  title,  settle,  travel,  level, 
bevel,   civil,    anvil,   devil,   faithful,   skillful,   youthful,  joyful. 

Note. — In  the  following  words  the  vowel  should  be  written  in  a  pen- 
dant manner,  as  the  tick  strokes  are  too  short  to  admit  of  turning  the  loops 
in  the  usual  way  : 

Plough,  plume,  blue,   clue,   clock,   cloud,   club,   flew,    bubble. 


REVIEW    LESSONS.  117 

LESSON  8. 

REVERSING  PRINCIPLE. 

Gas,  pass,  days,  this,  those,  thus,  thousand,  dozen,  present, 
pleasant,  chosen^  frozen,  blossom,  case,  cask,  fast,  taste,  desk,  task, 
bask,  physical,  post,  cheese,  boys,  toys,  joys,  classical,  visible,  stays, 
splice,  ask,  aspire,  esquire,  ascribe,  escape,  wisp,  wasp,  whiskers, 
esteem,  easter,  oyster,  instead,  institute,  instance,  inspire,  inscribe, 
instill,  happens,  opens,  mittens,  suspend,  suspect,  suspense,  suspicious, 
sustain,  system,  systems,  sister,  basis,  passes,  chooses,  faces,  prices, 
access,   abscess,   ellipses,   taxes,   mixes,   deeds,   thoughts,    coats. 


LESSON   9. 

SUBORDINATE  RULES. 

College,  privilege,  indulge,  allege,  knowledge,  legible,  legion, 
legitimate,  lodgment,  illegible,  apology,  register,  regiment,  origin, 
original,  arch,  collect,  elect,  electricity,  election,  elector,  record, 
liquor,  like,  regulate,  recollect,  recognized,  organized,  nation,  fascination, 
information,  estimation,  oration,  vibration,  fashion,  desolation,  violation, 
speculation,  declaration,  regulation,  station,  agitation,  evolution, 
involution,  edition,  tuition,  emotion,  ambition,  imposition,  tradition, 
auction,  option,  intention,  attention,  invention,  prevention,  attraction, 
dictionary,  stationary,  missionary,  visionary,  exact,  examine,  exceed, 
excel,     except,     exchange,      exclaim,      excruciating,      excuse,    executor 


118  NEW  STANDARD  SHORTHAND. 

exempt,  exercise,  exhaust,  exhibition,  exigency,  existence,  expect, 
expedient,  experience,  explain,  export,  expression,  extemporaneous, 
exterior,    extinguish,    extraordinary,   extravagance. 

Note. — Words  beginning  with  inex  and  unex  should  be  written  by 
omitting  the  x  dot  and  writing  the  syllable  in  or  un  in  place  of  the  dot. 
The  pen  is  lifted  after  writing  the  in  or  un  syllable  and  the  latter  part  of 
the  word  written  the  same  as  though  the  .*•  dot  had  been  used. 

Inexact,  inexhaustible,  unexpected,   inexperienced,   inexpensive. 


LESSON   10. 

CONTRACTED  OUTLINES. 

There,  during,  great,  proper,  judge,  brought,  for,  very,  more,  nor, 
swore,  large,  hear,  gentlemen,  shall,  rule,  did,  said,  not,  to-do, 
might,  could,  right,  let,  but,  put,  should,  with,  would,  what,  Jesus, 
cases,  possess,  process,  then,  time,  been,  can,  come,  general,  run, 
long,  shown,  him,  soon,  some,  man,  bring,  sworn,  crime,  course, 
force,  purpose,  does,  most,  less,  race,  best,  secure,  spirit,  strength, 
second,   stand,    such. 

During  all  that  time  he  did  not  write  to  me.  What  course  do  you  think 
is  best  for  bringing  the  people  to  church  ?  He  said  he  would  come  very 
soon,  but  it  is  now  long  past  church  time.  That  will  be  the  proper  time  to 
see  him,  of  course.  Now  is  the  time  for  all  good  people  to  secure  strength 
and  take  a  stand  against  the  mighty  liquor  traffic. 


REVIEW    LESSONS.  119 

LESSON   11. 

INITIAL  SYLLABLES. 

Because,  before,  befall,  being,  begin,  belong,  besides,  betray, 
debase,  decision,  deface,  depose,  defend,  defensive,  deform,  degener- 
ation, delay,  deliberate,  deliver,  delight,  determine,  deteriorate, 
detract,  receive,  reciprocal,  reciprocity,  recuperate,  regard,  regret, 
reconnoiter,  repentance,   replevin,  reporter,   reproach,  resort. 

Note. — In  the  following  words  beginning  with  com  and  con,  the 
syllables  con  and  co77i  should  be  written  out  by  use  of  the  k  stroke  and  n 
hook. 

Command,  commander,  commemorate,  comment,  commerce, 
commercial,  commission,  conclusion,  concordance,  conglomeration, 
congratulate,  congregation,  congress,  conquer,  conquest,  consecration, 
consecutive. 

Certificate,  ceremony,  surface,  surname,  surpass,  surprise,  surround, 
survive,  surveyor,  permission,  produce,  profession,  project,  propel, 
protract,   protest,  provision. 


LESSON   12. 

INITIAL  SYLLABLES. 

Disagreeable,  disappoint,  disorder,  disaster,  disburse,  discern,  disciple, 
discipline,  discompose,  discontinue,  discourage,  discrepancy,  discrimi- 
nate, disfigure,  dishonest,  dishonor,  dislike,  disobedience,  disposal, 
dispute,  disregard,  disrespectful,  dissipation,  dissolve,  dissyllable, 
distinction,     distinguish,      distribute,     misapprehension,     miscalculationf 


120  NEW  STANDARD  SHORTHAND. 

mischievous,  misconstrue,  miserable,  misfortune,  misinform,  mispro- 
nounce, misrepresent,  mistrust,  misunderstood,  self-conceit,  self-esteem, 
selfish,  itself,  himself,  yourself,  myself,  herself,  themselves,  ourselves, 
seminary,  senatorial,  sensible,  sensual,  sentence,  sentiment,  senti- 
mental, sincere,  singing,  singular,  summary,  summons,  sundries, 
somebody,  somehow,  something,  sometimes,  transact,  transcend, 
transcribe,  transfer,  transfiguration,  transformation,  transgression, 
transitory,   transparent,   transportation. 

Note. — When  the  syllable  dis  is  followed  by  the  ;/  or  w  hook,  as  in 
disengnt^e,  the  syllable  dis  should  be  written  out  in  full,  that  is  by  reversing 
the  i  on  the  d  stroke. 

Disengage,  disinterested,  disembodied,  disintegration,  disinfect, 
disinherit,   disembark. 


LESSON   13. 

FINAL  SYLLABLES. 
Adage,  manage,  marriage,  average,  message,  cottage,  image,  usage, 
storage,  carriage,  mucilage,  patronage,  baggage,  village,  homage, 
visage,  postage,  voyage,  recede,  proceed,  proceedings,  decide,  consider, 
besides,  desist,  consist,  resist,  persist,  assist,  deserve,  observe, 
conservative,  subserve,  preserve,  reserve,  preservation,  aftlict,  conflict, 
autograph,  lithograph,  photograph,  paragraph,  stenographer,  geology, 
theology,  phraseology,  physiology,  phrenology,  biology,  etymology, 
doxology,  apology,  theological,  chronological,  preparatory,  observatory, 
transitory,  purgatory,  laboratory,  victory,  repository,  depository, 
territory,  childhood,  manhood,  falsehood,  brotherhood,  sisterhc"'^, 
boyhood,    jTirlhood,    neighborhood. 


REVIEW    LESSONS.  121 

LESSON   14. 

CONSONANT  OUTLINES. 

Assist,     among,     amount,    balance,    became,    begin,    behind,    beyond, 

belief,     believe,      between,      both,      brother,    book,     carpenter,    chance, 

character,  child,    correspond,    clerk,    criminal,    culture,    danger,   direct, 

develop,     disease,     duty,     dwell,     expense,     experience,      flower,     fact, 

farther,     find,     first,     fire,     frequent,     friend,     from,     future,    give-gave, 

govern,    health,    help,     half,    hope,     heard-hard,    loss,   life,    live.    Lord, 

mark,     modern,     material,     moral,     member,      move,      much,      murder, 

never,     nevertheless,      north,      notes,     number,      one,      part,        person, 

policy,    power,    plural-ity,   political,    possible,    principle,    profit,    provide, 

qualify,     quarter,     reason,     race,      receive,      remember,      result,     spoke, 

secretary,     sell,     slavery,     student,      study,     sudden,      success,      thank, 

together,    word,   worth,  work,   world. 

Note. — The   following   words   can   also   be   best  represented  by  their 
consonant  outlines: 

Birth,    bound,    correct,  flame,    guilt-y,    lost,   plan-plain. 


LESSON   15. 

WORDS  OF   FREQUENT  OCCURRENCE  AND  PHRASE 
WRITING. 

Act,      acts,    active,     ask,      any,     all,     again,     against,      age,      before, 

because,     being,    better,     case,    cases,     careful,     certain,    death,    doubt, 

even,    ever,   effort,    earth,    entirely,   fast,    follow,    enter,  found,  happiness, 

honest,    home,    human,     how,    who,    house,     horse,     in,    if,   last,    least. 


122  NEW  STANDARD  SHORTHAND. 

letter,  little,  love,  land,  man,  men,  neither,  name,  nature,  natural, 
next,  offer,  officer,  over,  open,  on,  out,  pass,  please,  price,  quick, 
quit,  write,  read,  scholar,  speak,  true,  tell,  teller,  through,  thought, 
them,   us,   up,   upon,   value,   west,    when,   youth,    yes,   yesterday. 

That  is  not  true  at  the  present  time.  We  will  not  be  able  to  help  you  at 
present.  I  do  not  think  they  are  to  be  there.  It  seems  to  me  that  in  many 
cases  that  would  not  be  true.  What  is  your  opinion  of  the  matter  by  this 
lime  ?  It  has  been  some  time  since  we  were  there.  Do  you  know  the 
defendant  in  this  action  ?  Yes,  sir,  I  met  him  some  years  ago.  I  believe 
we  shall  in  the  course  of  time  be  able  to  comply  with  your  request. 


LESSON   16. 

FORMATION  OF  OUTLINES  AND  DERIVATIVE  WORDS. 

Actual,  habitual,  congratulate,  intellect,  perpetual,  perpetrate, 
suasion,  betwixt,  assignee,  susceptible,  behave,  behalf,  perhaps, 
exhibit,  took,  stock,  doctor,  know,  stop,  drying,  drink,  paying,  pang, 
almost,  already,  almighty,  although,  altogether,  also,  always,  forbear, 
foreclose,  forget,  forenoon,  former,  foresee,  forethought,  forgive, 
forgot,  formation,  foretell,  forwarded,  hereto,  hereby,  hereon,  here- 
after, herein,  heretofore,  herewith,  hereupon,  hereinto,  hereat,  outcome, 
outrage,  outbreak,  outfit,  outgrown,  outlook,  outnumber,  outset,  outer, 
outstanding,  outstretch,  outwork,  outward,  overhead,  overrule, 
overland,  overlook,  overpower,  overtake,  whereby,  wherefor,  whereon, 
.vhereof,  whereto,  wherewith,  wherever,  withdrawn,  withheld,  withhold, 
without,  withstood,  thereby,  therefore,  thereat,  thereafter,  therein, 
thereon,  thereto,  thereupon,  therewith,  whatever,  whichever, 
.vhosoever,   whatsoever,    wheresoever,    whichsoever. 


REVIEW    LESSONS.  ^^^ 

LESSON   IT. 

SIMILAR  WORDS  DISTINGUISHED. 
Arms,  armies,  another,  author,  county,  country,  corporal,  corporeal, 
defense,  defiance,  dead,  death,  differ,  defer,  diseased,  deceased,  dozen, 
thousand,  emigration,  immigration,  further,  farther,  flee,  tly,  forget, 
forgot,  favored,  favorite,  fire-fear,  fair-far,  fight,  fit,  genteel,  gentle, 
genius,  genuine,  guaranty,  guarantee,  however,  whoever,  human, 
humane,  herein,  hereon,  indebted,  indicted,  ingenuous,  ingenious,  into, 
unto,  little,  letter,  man,  men,  patron,  pattern,  proscribe,  prescribe,  p"or, 
pure,  quit-quite,  quiet,  read,  write,  sent,  send,  true-truth,  through,  this, 
these,  yourself,  yourselves,  unavoidable,  inevitable,  veracity,  voracity, 
youth,  out. 

LESSON   18. 

SHORTHAND  NOTATION. 
Three  hundred,  nine  hundred,  forty-three  hundred,  seven  thousand, 
ten  thousand,  four  hundred  thousand,  one  hundred  thousand,  four 
million,  three  million,  five  hundred  thousand,  ten  dollars,  three 
hundred  dollars,  four  million  dollars,  one  hundred  thousand  dollars, 
twenty-five  hundred  dollars,  two  years,  three  months,  four  weeks,  ten 
days,  twelve  hours,  thirty  minutes,  forty  seconds,  four  pounds,  three 
shillings,  six  pence,  seventy  bu.  at  ninety  cents  per  bushel,  eight  per 
cent  per  annum,  four  miles,  six  feet,  eight  inches,  nine  times  out  of 
ten,  ninety-nine  times  out  of  a  hundred,  three  or  four,  four  or  five, 
six  or  seven,  three  by  four,  four  by  six,  four  and  a  half  by  six  feet, 
six  feet  four  inches  by  four  feet  two  inches. 


1-1  NEW    STANDARD    SHORTHAND. 


LESSON   19. 

REPORTING  CONTRACTIONS. 

About,  according,  advantage,  advertise,  appropriate,  after,  accomplish, 
■inother,  business,  capable,  convenient  convenience,  christian-caristianity, 
circumstances,  chapter,  common,  commence,  defendant,  establish, 
familiar-familiarity,  glory,  hand,  ignorant,  language,  magnificent- 
magnificence,  necessary,  necessity,  object,  notwithstanding,  order- 
ordinary,  opportunity,  propose,  particular,  peculiar,  period,  represent, 
people,  plaintiff,  revolution,  perpendicular-perpendicularity,  revelation, 
suggest,  sufficient,  scripture,  signify-significant,  superintend  superin- 
tendent, whether,  king,  kingdom. 

lie  is  perfectly  familiar  with  the  peculiar  circumstances,  notwith- 
standing the  disadvantage  he  is  put  to  through  their  ignorance  of  the 
scriptures. 

The  revolution  was  a  revelation  to  the  Christian  people  of  the 
kingdom. 

They  propose  to  establish  a  business  which  shall  represent  the  best 
interests  of  the  people,  but  whether  they  will  succeed  or  not  cannot  at 
this  period  be  ascertained. 

The  defendant  will  object  to  the  advantage  taken  by  the  plaintiff. 


REVIEW    LESSONS.  125 

LESSON   20. 

DICTATION  EXERCISE. 

THE   WANT   OF   THE   AGE. 

"  It  has  been  truly  said  that  the  great  want  of  the  age  is  men.  Men  of 
thought ;  men  of  action.  Men  who  are  not  for  sale.  Men  who  are  honest 
to  the  heart's  core.  Men  who  will  condemn  wrong  in  friend  or  foe  in 
themselves  as  well  as  others.  Men  whose  consciences  are  as  steady  as  the 
needle  to  the  pole.  Men  who  will  stand  for  right  if  the  heavens  totter  and 
the  earth  reels.  Men  who  can  tell  the  truth  and  look  the  world  and  the 
devil  right  in  the  eye.  Men  who  can  have  courage  without  whistling  for 
it,  and  joy  without  shouting  to  bring  it.  Men  through  whom  the  current  of 
everlasting  life  runs  still  and  deep  and  strong.  Men  too  large  for  certain 
limits,  and  too  strong  for  sectarian  bands.  Men  who  know  their  message 
and  tell  it.  Men  who  know  their  place  and  fill  it.  Men  who  mind  their 
own  business.  Men  who  will  not  lie.  Men  who  are  not  too  lazy  to  work, 
nor  too  proud  to  be  poor.  When  in  the  office,  the  workshop,  the  counting- 
room,  the  bank,  in  every  place  of  trust  and  responsibility,  we  can  have 
such  men  as  these,  we  shall  have  a  Christian  civilization — the  highest  and 
best  the  world  ever  saw." 


LESSON   21. 

REPORTING  PHRASES. 
At  least,  at  last,  at  the  time,  at  this  time,  at  that  time,  at  all  events, 
by  the  way,  by  no  means,  further  than,  for  instance,  here  and  there, 
House  of  Representatives,  in  a  few  days,  in  the  first  place,  in  the 
second  place,  in  order  to,  I  do  not  know,  I  do  not  think,  in  such 
manner,  it  is  necessary,  it  will  be  remembered,  in  some  cases.  Ladies 
and  Gentlemen,  Mr.  President,  on  the  contrary,  on  the  one  hand, 
on  the  other  hand,  once  in  a  while,  party  of  the  first  part,  party  of  the 


126  NEW    STANDARD    SHORTHAND. 

second  part,  young  men  and  women,  as  a  matter  of  fact,  by  the  court, 
county  court,  counsel  for  the  defendant,  counsel  for  the  plaintiff,  cross 
examination,  do  you  recollect,  do  you  remember,  direct  examination, 
grand  jury,  habeas  corpus,  how  long  have  you  been,  I  cannot 
remember,  I  do  not  remember,  I  have  not  been,  I  will  not  be,  learned 
counsel,  objection  sustained,  objection  overruled,  prisoner  at  the  bar, 
re-direct  examination,  Superior  Court,  what  is  your  business,  what  is 
your  occupation,  your  Honor,  verdict  of  the  jury. 

THEOLOGICAL  PHRASES. 
Almighty  God,  Christ  Jesus,    Holy   Ghost,    Jesus   Christ,  kingdom  of 
heaven,   kingdom   of    God,    Lord   and   Savior,  resurrection  of  the  body, 
Roman  Catholic  Church,  Savior  ot  the  world.  Sod  of  God. 


LESSON   22. 

COMMERCIAL    EXPRESSIONS. 

In  reply  to  your  favor  of  the  loth  instant,  we  beg  to  state. 

We  are  just  in  receipt  of  your  favor  enclosing  draft  for  ;Jli6. 

Your  esteemed  favor  of  the  4th  instant  was  received  to-day. 

In  answer  to  yours  of  the  15th  instant  we  desire  to  say. 

Your  esteemed  favor  of  the  7th  is  at  hand  and  contents  noted. 

Your  favor  of  the  i6th  is  at  hand  with  prices  and  terms,  which  we  find 
entirely  satisfactory. 

We  beg  leave  to  introduce  to  you  the  bearer  of  this  letter,  Mr.  Thomas 
Neland. 


REVIEW   LESSONS.  127 

Hoping  to  hear  from  you  by  return  mail,  we  remain. 
We  ship  you  to-day  per  Am.  Ex.  Co  the  goods  ordered  on  the  loth. 
Please  acknowledge  receipt  of  goods  by  return  mail  and  oblige. 
Hoping  that  these  terms  will  be  satisfactory,  we  are.  Very  truly  yours. 
You  will  greatly  oblige  us  by  giving  this  your  prompt  attention. 

We  regret  very  much  that  we  are  unable  to  execute  your  order  of  the 
19th. 

Trusting  that  we  may  be  favored  with  your  orders,  we  remain. 

We  are  sorry  to  say  that  it  is  wholly  out  of  our  power  to  fill  your  order. 


LESSON  23. 

BUSINESS  LETTER. 
Dear  Sir. 

Yours  of  the  6th  instant,  asking  what  the  chances  are  for  obtaining 
employment  in  the  railroad  business  in  this  city,  is  just  at  hand. 

I  am  sorry  to  say  that  I  am  not  able  to  speak  very  encouragingly  on  the 
subject.  There  are  no  railroads  here  of  any  importance  outside  of  those 
operated  by  this  company.  Our  offices  are  fully  supplied  with  all  the  clerks 
we  shall  probably  want  this  season,  as, we  are  now  doing  about  our  heaviest 
business. 

If  you  were  here  it  is  possible  you  might  be  able  to  get  something  to  do. 
but  I  would  not  advise  you  to  take  chances.  You  speak  of  being  the  chief 
clerk  in  the  office  where  you  are  now  located,  and  I  should  suppose  that 
your  present  position  is  very  much  better  than  you  could  hope  to  secure  at 
once  out  here.  Any  help  which  may  possibly  be  taken  on  this  fall  will,  no 
doubt,  be  merely  temporary,  and  of  course  you  want  nothing  of  that  kind. 

I  frequently  receive  just  such  letters  as  yours,  and  to  all  I  say  candidly 
that  if  any  person  has  a  good  position  in  the  East  he  had  better  hold  on  to  it. 
Yours  respectfully, 


128  NEW  STANDARD  SHORTHAND. 

LESSON   24. 

BUSINESS  LETTER. 
Dear  Sir. 

We  here\<'ith  enclose  you  a  list  of  discounts  and  net  prices,  which  we 
are  prepared  to  allow  you  at  the  present  time  for  your  orders. 

It  is  perhaps  unnecessary  for  us  to  mention  that  we  are  prepared  to 
handle  this  trade  in  the  most  satisfactory  manner,  and  to  offer  goods  at  the 
very  lowest  prices  consistent  with  uniformity  and  reliability  in  every  partic- 
ular. 

We  are  desirous  of  securing  your  business,  and  would  highly  appreciate 
an  opportunity  to  figure  with  you  on  special  orders.  We  will  bring  to  bear 
every  facility  we  enjoy  to  name  to  you  discounts  at  least  a  shade  lower 
than  you  can  get  elsewhere.  If  you  would  like  samples,  a  member  of  our 
firm  will  call  upon  you  with  them,  and  fully  explain  the  merits  of  our 
goods. 

A  call  here  at  cur  store  will  convince  you  of  our  ability  to  handle  your 
orders  promptly,  and  supply  you  with  goods  that  cannot  fail  to  render 
entire  satisfaction.  Anticipating  a  conference  with  you  at  an  early  date, 
we  are, 

Very  truly  yours. 


LESSON   25. 

REASONS  OF  FAILURE. 

"I  would  name,  first,  a  lack  of  special  preparation  on  the  part  of  young 
men  for  a  special  occupation  or  profession.  Most  boys  get  a  fair  general 
education,  and  when  that  is  done,  take  hold  of  the  thing  which  promises 
the  most  immediate  return  for  their  labor,  not  stopping  to  look  forward  to 
the  end,  or  to  consult  their  adaptability  to  the  business  or  profession. 
Some  look  only  to  see  what  standing  it  will  give  them  in  society;  others 
consider  if  it  will  enable  them  to  dress  in  fine  clothing  and  make  a  good 
appearance. 


REVIEW   LESSONS.  129 

"  Next  stands  the  mistake  of  young  men  in  being  in  too  much  of  a  hurry 
to  spend  money  as  fast  as  others,  a  desire  to  be  considered  in  better 
circumstances  than  they  really  are,  and  a  pressure  to  get  ahead  faster  than 
they  learn  their  business.  In  this  way  one  often  climbs  a  ladder  before  the 
foundation  is  made  secure ;  and  afterwards,  when  he  has  to  take  the 
responsibility,  does  not  know  all  his  business,  and  has  to  entrust  a  part  of 
it  to  others,  and  does  not  know  whether  they  are  doing  it  right  or  not.  By 
and  by,  when  he  thinks  he  is  safe  and  beyond  danger,  the  foundation 
corner,  which  he  trusted  to  some  one  else,  has  given  way,  and  he  is  over- 
thrown. He  needs  to  know  his  whole  business,  so  that  he  can  tell  when 
it  is  done  right. 

"  Another  great  mistake  is,  that  when  a  young  man  sees  his  name  on  a 
sign,  he  is  apt  to  think  that  his  fortune  is  made,  and  so  begins  to  spend 
money  as  if  he  had  already  got  beyond  any  chance  of  failure.  Another 
common  mistake  is,  that  men,  old  as  well  as  young,  are  too  ready  to  use 
their  credit,  not  realizing  that  the  goods  bought  on  credit  are  not  theirs, 
and  that  a  pay-day  is  coming.  When  they  find  their  notes  coming  due, 
and  have  not  the  money  to  pay  them,  they  are  tempted  to  sell  goods  with- 
out a  profit,  for  the  sake  of  getting  the  money,  or  a  note  which  they  can 
turn  into  money.  Just  the  moment  a  man  is  obliged  to  do  that,  he  is  not 
a  master  of  his  own  business ;  and,  as  a  rule,  it  is  only  a  matter  of  a  little 
time  when  he  will  have  to  go  down.  Let  a  young  man  fear  God,  be 
industrious,  know  his  business,  spend  a  little  less  than  he  earns,  and 
success  is  sure." 


LESSON   26. 

COURT  PROCEEDINGS,  MAY  lo,  1883. 

THE   PLAINTIFF   STATED    HIS    CASE   TO    THE   JURY. 

Levi  Evans,  sworn  on  behalf  of  the  plaintiff,  testified  as  follows : 
Q.    Are  you  acquainted  with  the  defendant?     A.    Yes,  sir;     I  know 
him. 

Q.    You  may  examine  that  note.     (Paper  handed  witness.) 


130  NEW    STANDARD    SHORTHAND. 

Q.  Was  there  a  time  when  you  went  to  Johnstown  and  presented  that 
note  to  the  defendant  ?     A.     Yes,  sir. 

Q.    When  was  that  ?     A.    That  was  in  December,  I  think. 

Q.    December  of  what  year  ?     A.    In  1879. 

Q.  You  may  state  whether  he  admitted  the  execution  of  that  note  ? 
A.    He  did. 

Q.    Was  the  note  then  in  its  present  condition ?     A.    Yes,  sir;  it  was. 

Mr.  Van  Fleet:  I  now  offer  the  note  in  evidence. 

Cross  examination  by  Mr.  Norton. 

Q.  You  say  it  was  in  December,  1879,  when  you  were  at  Johnstown? 
A.    I  think  it  was. 

Q.    What  did  you  go  there  for  ?     A.    To  get  some  money. 
Q.    On  this  note  ?     A.    Yes,  sir. 

Q.  Now  when  did  you  first  show  the  defendant  the  note  after  you  got 
there  ?  A.  I  didn't  show  it  to  him  until  after  he  and  I  made  up  a 
statement. 

Q.  You  and  he  figured  some  before  you  showed  him  the  note  ?  A. 
Yes,  sir. 

Q.  You  testified  when  Mr.  Van  Fleet  asked  you  about  it,  that  he 
admitted  the  execution  of  the  note,  and  was  going  to  pay  it.  A.  He  said 
he  signed  the  note  and  was  going  to  pay  it. 

Q.  Now  wasn't  there  some  talk  between  you  and  Mr.  Denning  at  that 
time  about  the  note  being  for  $75  or  $150?  A.  No,  sir;  there  wasn't  a 
word  said  about  the  note ;  what  it  was  for. 

Q.    Did  he  look  at  the  note  at  that  time?     A.    Yes,  sir. 

Q.  Now  while  you  were  there  that  day,  he  offered  to  pay  you  some 
money  on  the  note,  did  he  not?  A.  Yes,  sir;  he  offered  to  pay  me  some 
money. 

Q.    And  while  he  was  there  was  this  endorsement  written  on  this  note : 
"  Received  on  the  within,  $39.94  "  ?     A.    Yes,  sir. 
Mr.  Van  Fleet :  To  that  I  object. 
The  Court :  I  think  perhaps  we  are  entitled  to  have  all  there  was  of  it. 


REVIEW    LESSONS.  131 

Mr.  Van  Fleet :  You  don't  lake  it  as  evidence  of  payment? 

The  Court :  No. 

Q.  Now  at  that  time — when  he  offered  to  pay  you — you  consented  that 
this  should  be  put  on,  and  he  was  to  pay  you  the  balance  of  the  amount  on 
the  note  ?     A.    Will  you  allow  me  to  tell  what  was  said  ? 

Q.  No,  sir ;  you  answer  my  question.  You  consented  that  he  should 
put  this  on  and  then  he  was  going  to  pay  you  the  balance?  A.  No,  sir; 
that  was  not  the  way  of  it. 

Q.  As  a  matter  of  fact  after  this  was  put  on  he  offered  to  pay  you  some- 
thing— about  $40,  or  more  ?     A.    No,  sir. 

/  Q.    How  much  was  it  he  offered  to  pay  you  ?      A.     He  said  he  had 
$32.00,  but  he  would  not  let  me  take  it  and  count  it. 

Q.  He  offered  to  pay  you  $32.00  if  you  would  take  it  and  accept  it  ? 
A.  He  offered  me  a  roll  of  money  but  he  would  not  let  me  take  it  and 
count  it. 

Q.  He  offered  you  some  money  which  he  said  was  about  $32.00,  and 
you  wouldn't  accept  it  ?     A.     Yes,  sir. 

Q.    You  claimed  it  should  be  more  ?     A.    Yes,  sir. 

Q.  Now  $32.00  in  addition  to  this  $39.34  would  have  been  sufficient  to 
have  paid  the  amount  due  you  on  this  note,  wouldn't  it  ?  A.  Why  I 
presume  so,  if  that  had  been  put  on  there  for  a  payment. 

Q.  Did  he  say  he  would  pay  you  $32.00,  or  was  it  about  $38.00  that 
he  offered  you  ?     A.    No,  sir;  he  didn't  say  $38.00  at  all,  he  said  $32.00. 

Re-direct  exaifiination  by  Mr.   Van  Fleet. 

Q.  I  understood  you  to  say  that  he  had  this  note  in  his  hands  and  made 
this  endorsement  upon  its  back?  A.  Yes,  sir-  in  December  after  I  was 
there. 

Q.  And  he  admitted  its  execution  after  an  examination  of  it  ?  A.  Yes, 
sir. 

Mr.  Norton  :  What  did  he  say  about  admitting  its  execution?  A.  He 
said  he  signed  all  of  those  notes. 

Q.    There  were  several  others  spoken  of  ?     A.    Yes,  sir ;  several. 

Mr.  Van  Fleet :  And  he  did  not  say  anything  about  any  alterations  in 
the  note?     A.    No,  sir?  he  did  not. 


132  NEW  STANDARD  SHORTHAND. 

Mr.  Van  Fleet :    I  now  read  the  note  in  evidence : 
$75.00.  Johnstown,  N.  Y.,  May  14th,  1875. 

For  value  received  we  jointly  and  severally  agree  to  pay  Levi  Evans 

seventy-five  dollars,  sixty  days  from  date. 

J.  G.  Denning. 

C.  C.  Denning. 
Plaintiff  Rests. 

Mr.  Norton  :  The  defendant  moves  for  a  nonsuit,  upon  the  ground  that 
the  plaintiff  has  not  proved  facts  sufficient  to  concede  cause  of  action ;  that 
there  is  a  fatal  variance  between  the  complaint  and  the  proof;  that  the 
complaint  asks  and  demands  judgment  on  a  note  for  $150.00,  describing 
it,  while  the  note  offered  in  evidence  is  a  note  for  $75.00;  and  also  upon 
the  further  ground  that  there  have  been  material  alterations  in  the  note 
which  it  does  not  appear  were  made  with  the  consent  of  the  defendant. 

Motion  denied ;  exception  taken. 

Dr.  C.  C.  Denning,  defendant,  sworn  and  examined  by  Mr.  Norton, 
testifies  as  follows : 

Q.    Where  do  you  reside  ?     A.    Johnstown. 

Q.    What  is  your  occupation  ?     A.    A  physician  and  surgeon. 

Q.    How  long  have  you  lived  there  ?     A.    Fourteen  years. 

Q.    W^here  did  this  brother  of  yours  reside  ?     A.    Andover. 

Q.    This  J.  G.  Denning  was  your  brother?     A.    Yes,  sir. 

Q.    When  did  he  die  ?     A.    I  think  it  was  in  September,  1879. 

Q.  Now,  Doctor,  you  signed  this  note,  C.  C.  Denning,  did  you  ?  (note 
shown  to  witness.)     A.    Yes,  sir. 

Q.  When  you  signed  that  note  was  it  in  the  same  condition,  and  did  it 
have  the  same  appearance  which  it  has  now  ?     A.    No,  sir. 

Q.  What  changes  appear  to  have  been  made  since  you  signed  it  ? 
A.  The  date  of  May  12  has  been  changed  to  May  14;  in  the  body  of  the 
note  a  part  ot  the  seven  has  been  erased  and  a  cipher  added  to  the  right  of 
the  five. 

Q.  These  changes  have  been  made  since  the  note  left  your  possession? 
A.    Yes,  sir. 

Q.    Were  they  made  with  your  knowledge  or  consent  ?     A.    No,  sir. 


REVIEW   LESSONS.  133 

Q.  Doctor,  what  was  the  consideration  to  you  upon  this  note?  A. 
There  wasn't  any. 

Q.    You  merely  signed  it  for  accommodation  ?     A.    Yes,  sir. 

Q.  Now,  when  Mr.  Evans  came  to  your  office,  what  was  the  conversa- 
tion in  there,  that  you  recollect  ?  A.  He  told  me  he  had  come  to  settle 
up ;  I  asked  him  if  he  had  the  note  with  him  and  he  said  he  had  ;  I  asked 
him  to  let  me  see  it ;  I  took  the  note  and  turned  it  over  and  looked  at  the 
back,  and  I  said  to  him  "there  has  been  ^40.00  paid  on  this  note,  hasn't 
there"  ?  He  said  yes.  I  said  to  him  you  endorse  what  has  been  paid  on 
the  note  and  I  will  either  pay  you  the  balance  or  give  you  my  note  due  in 
three  weeks. 

Q.  But  you  didn't  notice  the  other  alterations ?  A.  No,  sir;  not  until 
afterwards. 

Q.  Did  you  ever  intend  in  any  way  to  write  this  note  as  it  appears  to  be 
altered  ?     A.    No,  sir. 

Cross  examitiation  by  Air.   Van  Fleet. 

Q.  When  did  you  first  notice  the  alterations  in  the  figures  in  the  body 
of  the  note  ?  A.  I  think  it  was  at  Andover  during  the  first  suit ;  I  think 
Mr.  Scott  called  my  attention  to  the  change  in  it  at  that  time. 

Q.  Was  there  anything  said  at  Andover  in  regard  to  the  alterations  ? 
A.    We  put  in  no  evidence  that  I  know  of.  . 

Q.  You  had  this  note  in  your  hands  and  looked  at  it  did  you  not? 
A.    Yes,  sir. 

Q.  Did  )'cu  not  claim  to  Evans  that  the  note  was  given  as  security  for 
sixty  days'  milk  ? 

Mr.  Norton  :    I  object  to  that,  it  is  immaterial. 

Objection  overruled;  exception  taken. 
A.    I  think  I  told  Evans  that  I  signed  that  note  with  my  brother. 

Re-direct  examination  by  Mr.  Norton. 

Q.  You  say  that  your  understanding  was  from  Mr.  Evans  that  this  note 
was  given  to  secure  the  first  sixty  days'  milk  ?     A.    Yes,  sir. 

Q.    That  you  had  no  interest  in  it  whatever ?     A.    No,  sir;  none  at  alL 

Q.  And  whatever  was  paid  was  to  be  endorsed  on  the  note  ?  A.  Yes, 
sir ;  that  is  the  way  I  understood  it. 


134 


NEW   STANDARD   SHORTHAND 


"SHUNL"    ENDING 

In  all  cases  where  the  "Shunl"  ending  is  preceded  by  a  con- 
sonant, the  "Shunl"  is  expressed  by  adding  the  /  stroke  to  the  reg- 
ular "Shun"  ending.  In  all  other  cases  where  the  "Shunl"  ending 
is  preceded  by  a  vowel,  the  ending  for  "Shunl"  is  expressed  by  a 
small  downward  curve  next  to  the  vowel.  The  following  exam- 
ples contain  nearly  all  the  words  ending  in  "Shunl." 

"SHUNL"  ENDINGS 


a—p 


>^     V_ 


yl     X^    y^    /^ 


Key. 


Additional 

Conditional 

Confessional 

Congregation  al 

Congressional 

Constitutional 

Conventional 


Descensional 

Disproportional 

Educational 

Emotional 

Fractional 

Intentional 

Irrational 


Notional 

Occasional 

Optional 

Positional 

Processional 

Preventional 

Processional 


Professional 

Progressional 

Propositional 

Proportional 

Provisional 

Sectional 

Traditional 


'OF" 


EXPRESSED     BY     PROXIMITY 

The  preposition  "of"  may  be  indicated  by  proximity,  that  is 
by  writing  the  word  following  close  to  the  word  preceding  the 
preposition  "of." 

Example.  "Course  of  human  events,"  omit  "of"  and  write 
the  outline  for  "human"  close  to  the  outline  for  "course." 

The  phrase  "of  the"  should  not  be  indicated  in  this  manner 
but  by  the  lengthened  "f"  as  there  are  many  cases  in  which  it  is 
impossible  to  tell  from  the  context  which  of  the  two  is  indicated. 

This  rule  removes  any  possibility  there  may  be  of  conflict  be- 
tween "of"  and  "for." 


KEY  TO  THE  SHORTHAND 
PLATES 


COMBINATIONS,  Page  29. 

5. — high,  shy,  lie,  rye,  sigh,  tie,  thy.  6. — ill,  in,  ice,  eyes,  if,  it,  oil. 
7. — hoe,  shov.-,  low,  row,  sew,  how,  now.  8. — day,  they,  pay,  ray,  lay, 
saw,  law.  9. — ale,  air,  an,  ache,  ape,  awl,  aught.  10. — hew,  sue,  new, 
due,  your,  us,  up.  11. — date,  taught,  take,  talk,  tan,  tar.  12. — fill, 
fell,  fail,  pare,  poor,  bear.  13. — pick,  back,  pan,  line,  pail,  rail.  14. — 
name,  main,  nine,  says,  size. 

COMBINATIONS,  continued.    Page  33. 

2. — dash,  cash,  chief,  peach,  fair,  dish.  3. — edit,  attain,  attire,  attic, 
audit.  4. — tally,  folly,  holy,  happy,  tarry,  sorry.  5. — follow,  sorrow, 
hollow,  narrow,  borrow,  thorough.  6. — delay,  allay,  array,  easy,  any, 
saucy.  7. — death,  path,  hath,  bath,  youth,  faith.  8. — paying,  failing, 
aiming,  keeping,  evening.  9. — pop,  tooth,  rope,  cup,  top,  love.  11. — 
win,  wise,  wire,  wish,  wide,  wit.  12. — wear,  wash,  wake,  wait,  wail, 
wade.     13. — whine,  when,  whale,  wheat,  wheel,  whip. 

THE  HOOKS,  Page  35. 

4. — school,  skill,  skate,  sketch,  scare,  spire.  5. — snake,  snare,  slack, 
sleep,  smell,  snail.  6. — dimes,  lines,  pens,  names,  pains,  chains.  7. — 
pails,  chills,  fails,  makes,  takes,  pairs.  10. — storm,  arm,  alarm,  elm, 
film,  term.  11. — inside,  inmate,  inlet,  inquire,  entire,  enjoin.  12. — 
impair,  impeach,  immense,  insure,  engage,  endorse.  13. — I  am  sure  he 
saw  into  your  scheme. 

SENTENCES,  Page  37, 

1. — I  know  he  will  do  as  you  or  I  wish.  2. — I  will  take  that  as  I  know 
you  are  lame.  3. — You  are  to  be  the  judge  of  that  question.  4. — That 
will  be  of  no  use  to  you  now.     5. — We  will  go  and  see  if  that  is  so. 


136  NEW  STANDARD  SHORTHAND. 

6. — That   was  the  thing  to  do  at  that  time.     7. — I  will  go  as  I    have 
nothing  else  to  do.     8 — The  public  will  see  to  that  in  a  day  or  two. 

HALVING  PRINXIPLE,  Page  39. 

3. — track,  trap,  trail,  prayer,  prior,  break.  4. — prime,  preach, 
brains,  pride,  brick,  grip.  7. — taper,  keeper,  labor,  letter,  pressure, 
treasure.  8. — frail,  frame,  fried,  favor,  ever,  either.  9. — preachers, 
creatures,  fritters,  traders,  primers,  teachers.  10. — tailor,  teller, 
sailor,  miller,  jailor,  scholar.  ' 

LENGTHENING  PRINCIPLE,  Page  41. 

3. — towed,  tied,  doubt,  stout,  citizen.  4. — mat,  sat,  head,  late,  quite, 
mode.  5. — filled,  build,  hold,  mild,  skilled.  6. — board,  short,  start, 
sort,  sport.  7. — act,  apt,  art,  old,  east,  end.  9. — treated,  spaded, 
slated,  crated,  cheated.  10. — acted,  ended,  needed,  loaded,  sodded. 
11. — different,  intended,  assist,  attend,  inside. 

SENTENCES,  Page  43. 

1. — Try  and  be  of  use  that  you  may  be  happy.  2. — Do  that  which  is 
right,  speak  that  which  is  true.  3. — The  tree  will  bend  while  young  and 
break  when  old.  4. — Be  sure  you  are  right  ere  you  go  too  far.  5. — 
Father  said  we  might  go  to  school  next  winter.  6. — Our  house  is  built 
of  wood  and  is  very  dry.  7. — I  know  you  will  enjoy  that  trip  in  the 
spring.  8. — He  told  me  they  would  be  here  to-night.  9. — A  friend  in 
need  is  a  friend  indeed.  10. — They  are  happy  who  do  right  and  count 
not — 11. — the  cost.  They  are  wise  who  have  learned  that — 12. — it  is  of 
no  use  to  worry  but  to  act.  1 3. — Do  you  know  that  the  toiler  who  would 
earn  his — 14. — pay,  should  leave  his  couch  at  break  of  day. 

MINUTING  PRINCIPLE,  Page  45. 

3. — pickle,  sickle,  nickel,  tickle,  legal,  cackle.  4. — nibble,  pebble, 
feeble,  quibble,  hobble,  sable.  7. — mingle,  tingle,  jingle, ankle, wrinkle, 
sprinkle.  8. — nimble,  humble,  thimble,  trample,  ample,  honorable. 
9. — lawful,  awful,  careful,  rifle,  painful,  baffle.  10. — novel,  ravel,  evil, 
marvel,  level,  anvil.  11. — When  will  you  be  able  to  be  there?  12. — 
The  people  were  very  glad  to  see  me. 


KEY  TO  THE  SHORTHAND  PLATES.  137 

REVERSING  PRINCIPLE,  Page  47. 

3. — post,  boast,  fast,  cask,  past,  feast.  4. — place,  please,  pleasing, 
pleased,  class,  flies,  blessing.  5. — ask,  a;;ks,  ascribe,  aspire,  escape, 
eastern.  8. — sustain,  suspense,  suspend,  suspect,  system,  systems, 
9. — passes,  faces,  chases,  roses,  mixes,  access.  10. — whisk,  wasp, 
wisp,  whiskers,  whispers,  witness.  11. — How  very  fast  these  pleasant 
days  pass  by.  12. — Have  a  place  for  everything  rnd  have  everything 
in  its  place. 

SENTENCES,  Page  49. 

1. — It  is  good  to  be  merry  and  wise.  2. — Use  the  means  and  trust  to 
God  for  the  blessing.  3. — It  is  said  that  all  is  well  that  ends  well.  4. — 
That  which  you  have  to  do  do  with  all  your  might.  5. — To  say 
well  is  good,  to  do  well  is  better.  6. — This  is  the  hour  to  speak  and 
the  hour  to  act.  7. — He  that  falls  to-day  may  be  up  to-morrow.  8. — 
They  that  steal  an  ounce  will  steal  a  pound.  9. — Do  that  which  is  right, 
love  that  which  is  true.  10. — Old  birds  are  not  to  be  caught  with  chaff. 
11 . — I  shall  be  pleased  to  see  you  any  day.  12. — What  do  you  think  of 
the  new  way  of  writing?  13. — I  think  it  is  very  easy  to  learn  and  it  is 
not  hard  to  read  either. 

SUBORDINATE  RULES,  Page  51. 

2. — register,  originate,  regiment,  knowledge,  diligent,  lodging.  4. — 
recognize,  record,  regular,  elected,  electricity.  6. — station,  session, 
rations,  ocean,  position,  institution.  8. — attention,  invention,  assertion, 
auctioneer,  election,  inspection.  10. — prediction,  election,  attraction. 
12. — extend,  exhaust,  exposition,  daily,  sorely,  neatly.  13. — propor- 
tionately, additionally,  occasionally,  rationally,  intentionally,  optionally. 

SENTENCES,  Page  53. 

7. — There  is  a  time  to  speak  and  there  is  a — 8. — time  to  act.  Time 
and  tide  wait  for — 9. — no  man.  How  soon  can  you  come  and  how — 10.^ 
long  can  you  stay?  Have  you  seen  him  several  times?  11. — In  my 
opinion  that  course  does  not  seem  best.  12. — The  general  purpose  of 
such  a  course  is  to  secure  strength. 


138  NEW  STANDARD  SHORTHAND. 

INITIAL  SYLLABLES,  Page  55. 

1. — because,  beneath,  betray,  bequeath,  bequest.  2. — deny,  depot 
desirable,  describe,  defend.  3. — retain,  redeem,  remind,  request 
reduce.  4. — conceit,  confuse,  confer,  contrast,  contract.  5. — combine 
compose,  company,  complete,  compare.  6. — contain,  continue,  condi 
tion,  condemnation,  contemplation.  7. — congress,  concrete,  concur 
concordance,  concurrence.  8. — surface,  surpass,  certificate,  surprise 
serviceable,  surrender.  9. — permit,  pernicious,  perspire,  perseverance 
perspective.  10. — profess,  produce,  protract,  protest,  promote.  11  — 
mortal,  morman,  mortise,  murmur,  murder,  12. — multiple,  multiplica 
tion,  multitude,  maltreated.  13. — unconscious,  unconverted,  incom 
plete,  unconcern,  incomprehensible.  14. — circular,  circulation,  circle 
circulars,  circuit. 

INITIAL  SYLLABLES,  continued,  Page  57. 

1. — dispose,  distress,  disgrace,  discuss,  dispel,  disciple.  2. — misplace 
mistake,  miscellany,  mister,  miserable.  3. — interest,  interpose,  inter 
mit,  entirely,  enter.  4. — under,  undermine,  undergo,  understood 
underrate.  5. — transmit,  translation,  transposition,  transact,  transcribe 
6. — self-same,  self-made,  self-conceit,  seltish,  self-esteem.  7. — submit 
substance,  substitute,  subtract.  8. — superstitious,  superscription,  super 
vise,  supreme.  V.  —  senate,  sentence,  sensation,  sentinal,  seems 
10. — similar,  simple,  single,  simplest,  singular.  11. — sunned,  sunset 
sundries,  somehow,  something.  12.— manful,  manual,  manifest,  mani 
fold,  manager,  mantel.  13. — temptation,  temperance,  temporal,  demo 
crat,  tendency.  14. — penetration,  penitentiary,  penman,  pension 
punishment. 

FINAL  SYLLABLES,  Page  59. 

1. — manage,  marriage,  usage,  average,  image,  baggage.  2. — reside, 
proceed,  decide,  besides,  consider.  3. — desist,  resist,  consist,  persist, 
insist.  4. — deserve,  preserve,  reserve,  conserve,  observe,  subserve. 
5. — conform,  deform,  perform,  reform,  inform.  6. — defect,  perfect, 
infect,  affect,  effect.  7. — reflect,  deflect,  inflict,  conflict,  afflict.  8. — 
autograph,  paragraph,  stenography,  lithograph,  pantograph.  9. — 
theology,  physiology,  biology,  ethnology,  geology,  theological.     10.— 


KEY   TO    THE   SHORTHAND   PLATES.  139 

oratory,  preparatory,  depository,  supplementary,  notary.  11. — man- 
hood, sisterhood,  boyhood,  falsehood,  brotherhood.  12. — testament, 
sentiment,  liniment,  elements.  13. — hardship,  lordship,  scholarship, 
worship,  authorship.  14. — myself,  itself,  herself,  yourself,  themselves, 
himself. 

SENTENCES,  Page  65. 

1. — We  have  no  right  to  teach  that  which  we  do  not  believe.  2. — 
Sometimes  the  more  one  has  the  more  he  wishes  to  have.  3. — A  word 
let  go  cannot  be  called  back.  4. — A  good  word  is  as  soon  said  as  a  bad 
one.  5. — It  is  vain  to  use  words  where  deeds  are  expected.  6. — An 
hour  of  pain  is  as  long  as  a  day  of  pleasure.  7. — Not  to  have  hope  is 
the  poorest  of  all  conditions.  8. — That  which  you  have  to  do,  do  with 
all  your  might.  9. — If  pride  were  an  art  there  would  be  many  teachers. 
10. — Willful  thoughts  have  no  excuse  and  deserve  no  pardon.  11. — 
Happy  is  he  who  knows  his  follies  in  his  youth.  12. — P'irst,  be  sure  you 
are  right  and  then  go  ahead.  13. — Leave  not  until  to-morrow  that 
which  you  can  do  to-day.  14. — Are  you  not  happy  to  be  able  to  write 
shorthand. 

PHRASE  WRITING,  Page  67. 

1. — to  a,  not  a,  by  a,  of  a,  is  a,  for  a,  as  a  or  has  a.  2. — which  are, 
there  are,  they  are,  we  are,  that  are,  you  are.  3. — and  to, and  will,  and  a, 
and  you,  and  I,  and  is  or  his,  you  and  I.  4. — to  all,  of  all,  on  all,  for 
all,  all  of,  all  other.  5. — as  is  or  has  his,  as  has,  as  well  as,  as  large 
as,  as  great  as,  as  many  as,  as  soon  as.  6. — to  be,  will  be,  can  be, 
may  be,  shall  be,  be  able  to.  7. — for  it,  if  it,  with  it,  which  it,  it 
will,  it  is.  8. — did  you,  we  did,  I  did,  did  have,  did  it.  9. — he  was,  he 
is,  he  said,  he  will,  he  can,  is  he  or  as  he.  10. — he  had,  who  had,  and 
had,  had  there  or  other,  we  had.  11. — for  is  or  his,  of  his,  or  is  or  his, 
which  is  or  his,  is  not,  in  his,  that  is  or  his.  12. — have  not,  to  have, 
will  have,  we  have,  would  have,  have  there  or  other,  you  have.  13. — 
I  will,  I  know,  I  have,  I  shall,  I  wish,  I  think,  that  I.  14. — in  a,  in  there 
or  other,  in  which,  in  such,  in  some,  in  many,  in  this. 


140  NKW    STANDARU    SllOKTHAM). 

PHRASE  WRITING,  continued,  Page  69. 
1. — to  me  or  my,  for  me  or  my,  at  me  or  my,  in  me  or  my,  is  my. 
2. — will  not,  not  very,  could  not,  don't,  did  not,  should  not.  3. — their 
own  or  thereon,  is  on  or  hi«  own,  our  own,  her  own,  my  own,  its  own 
or  it  is  on;  4. — no  one,  for  one,  anyone,  which  one,  some  one.  5. — 
for  to,  is  to  or  his  too,  that  to,  or  to  or  our  two,  to  which,  to  you.  6. — 
no  other,  in  there  or  in  other,  with  their  or  with  other,  by  their  or  by 
there  or  by  other,  any  other,  some  other.  7. — more  than,  less  than, 
greater  than,  than  to,  than  will,  than  their  or  than  there  or  than  other. 
8. — to  the,  by  the  or  be  the,  for  the,  will  the,  and  the,  so  the,  that  the. 
9. — that  will,  that  can,  that  which,  that  a,  to  that,  in  that,  that  that. 
10. — you  will,  will  you,  to  you,  do  you,  have  you,  you  may,  that  you. 
11. — to  your,  by  your  or  be  your,  for  your,  which  your,  of  your,  that 
your.  12. — by  and  by,  higher  and  higher,  less  and  less,  greater  and 
greater,  year  by  year,  one  by  one,  two  by  two. 

ADVICE  TO  THE  STUDENT,  Page  71. 
1. — The  principle  of  combining  words  into  phrases  is — 2. — ver>  useful 
but  should  never  be  permitted  to  impair — 3. — the  legibility  of  the  writ- 
ing. In  your  practice  you  should  phrase  only — 4. — such  words  as  v. ill 
join  easily  and  which  will  be — 5. — perfectly  legible  to  any  one  who 
understands  the  system.  6. — Remember  that  the  purpose  of  phrasing  is 
to  facilitate  your  work — 7.-T-in  every  way  possible,  and,  therefore, 
practice  it  only — 8.— where  it  will  conduce  to  this  end.  9. — Take  pains 
to  form  your  characters  well  and  in  writing — 10. — use  an  easy,  sliding 
motion,  observing  that  no  time — 11. — is  wasted  in  passing  from  one 
word  to — 12. — another.  Let  your  motto  be,  practice  and  perseverance, 
and — 13. — with  the  belief  that  what  others  have  done  you  can  do,  noth- 
ing— 14. — will  prevent  you  from  reachmg  the  goal  of  your  ambition. 

DERIVATIVE  OUTLINES,  Page  75. 
1. — almost,  already.  Almighty,  although,  altogether.  2.— also, 
always.  Forbear,  foreclose,  forget,  forgot.  3.— foreknown  or  fore- 
noon, former,  foresee,  forethought,  forgive  or  forgave,  formation,  fore- 
tell. 4. — Hereto,  hereby,  hereafter,  hereon,  herein,  heretofore.  5. — 
herewith,  hereupon,  hereat.  Outcome,  outfit,  outer.  6. — outlook, 
outnumber,  outrage  or  outreach,  outset  or  outside,  outstanding.     7. — 


KEY  TO  THE  SHORTHAND  PLATES.  141 

outwork,  outward,  outline.  Oversee,  overrule.  8. — overtake,  over- 
took, overhead,  overload,  overcoat,  overwhelm.  9. — Whereby,  where- 
ever,  whereto,  whereof,  wherewith,  wherefore.  10. — wherein,  where- 
upon. Within,  withheld,  withhold.  11. — without,  withdrawn,  with- 
stand. Thereby,  therein.  12. — thereon,  therefore,  thereat,  thereafter, 
thereto,  thereupon.  13. — therewith.  Wherever,  whatever,  however, 
whoever,  whenever.  14. — whichever,  forever,  wheresoever,  whatso- 
ever, whichsoever,  whosoever. 

SHORTHAND  NOTATION,  Page  79. 

1. — three  hundred,  four  hundred,  five  hundred,  six  hundred,  twenty- 
feven  hundred.  2. — three  thousand,  four  thousand,  twenty-five  thous- 
."nd,  four  hundred  thousand,  eight  hundred  thousand.  3. — three  million, 
one  million,  four  million,  eight  million,  three  hundred  million.  4. — four 
dollars,  three  dollars,  ten  dollars,  four  hundred  dollars,  seven  thousand 
dollars.  5. — three  minutes,  two  hours,  four  days,  seven  weeks.  6. — 
six  months,  three  years,  four  days  ago,  six  weeks  ago.  Twenty  four 
miles,  three  feet.  7. — ten  inches,  seven  pounds,  three  shillings,  six 
pence,  ninet>-nine  times  out  of  a  hundred. 

ADVICE  TO  YOUNG  MEN,  Page  81. 

1. — Let  me  address  you  for  a  moment  touching  your  success  in  life 
2. — and  I  hope  the  very  brevity  of  my  remarks  will  increase  the— 3. — 
chance  of  their  making  a  lodgement  in  your  mind.  Let  me — 4. — beg 
you  in  the  outset  of  your  career  to  dismiss — 5. — from  your  mind  all  idea 
of  succeeding  by  luck.  6. — There  is  no  more  common  thought  among 
young  people  than  that  foolish — 7.— one  that  by  and  by  something  will 
turn  up  by  which  they  will  suddenly— 8. — achieve  fame  and  fortune. 
No,  young  gentleman,  things  don't  turn  up — 9. — in  this  world  unless 
somebody  turns  them  up.  Whatever — 10. — you  win  in  life  you  must 
conquer  by  your  own  efforts  and — 11. — then  it  is  yours,  a  part  of  your- 
self. {Applause .)  12. — Let  me  suggest  that  in  giving  you  being  God 
locked — 13. — up  in  your  nature  certain  forces  and  capabilities.  Preserve 
— 14. — these  forces.  Do  not  burn  them  out  with  brandy — 15.— or 
waste  them  in  idleness  and  crime.  Save  and — 16. — protect  them  that 
they  may  save  for  you  fame  and — 17. — fortune.  Honestly  resolve  to 
do  this  and  you  will  be  an — 18. — honor  to  yourself  and  to  your  country. 
[Applause). 


142  NEW  STANDARD  SHORTHAND. 

GEMS  OF  POETRY,   Page  82. 

Courage  brother,  do  not  stumble, 
Though  thy  path  be  dark  as  night; 

There's  a  star  to  guide  the  humble. 
Trust  in  God  and  do  the  right. 

The  heights  by  great  men  reached  and  kept. 
Were  not  attained  by  sudden  flight; 

But  they,  while  their  companions  slept, 
Were  toiling  upward  in  the  night. 

Our  whitest  pearl  we  never  find. 
Our  ripest  fruit  we  never  reach; 

The  flowery  moments  of  the  mind 
Drop  half  their  petals  in  our  speech. 


LETTER  No.   1,  Page  83. 

Washington,  D.  C,  April  6,  '91. 
Prof.  A.  T.  Porter, 

Supt.  Public  Instruction. 
Dear  Sir: 

It  affords  me  pleasure  to  testify  to  the  personal  worth  and  educational 
qualifications  of  Mr.  Chas.  L.  Miller,  who,  I  am  informed,  is  an  applicant 
for  a  position  in  one  of  your  public  schools. 

He  graduated  at  this  Institution,  as  his  diploma  will  show,  in  '86.  As 
a  student  he  was  distinguished  for  diligence,  accuracy,  integrity  and  a 
conscientious  discharge  of  every  duty;  and  these  qualities  he  has  carried 
with  him  into  the  schoolroom  and  into  society.  Such  elements  of 
character  combined  with  aptness  in  teaching  and  tact'  in  enforcing  disci- 
pline cannot  fail  to  render  him,  what  I  have  long  known  him  to  be,  a 
very  eff'icient  and  superior  teacher.  I  cheerfully  recommend  him  for  the 
position  to  which  he  aspires. 

Very  respectfully  yours, 

Sam'l  K.  Waterford,  Principal. 


KEY  JO  THE  SHORTHAND  TLATES.  143 

LETTER  No.  2,  Page  84. 

State  of  New  York,  Att'y  Gen's  Office,  Dec.  2,  '90. 
Hon.   R.  A.  Maxwell, 

Supt.  Insurance. 
Dear  Sir: 

Replying  to  your  letter  of  the  27th  of  October  relating  to  Assessmei.t 
Insurance  Associations  not  authorized  to  transact  business  in  this  state 
I  have  to  advise  you : 

1.  That  under  section  10,  chapter  175  of  the  laws  of  '83,  no  such 
association  incorporated  under  the  laws  of  another  state  can  lawfully 
transact  business  in  this  state  unless  it  receives  from  the  Supt.  of 
Insurance  of  this  State  a  certiticate  of  authority  to  do  business  here. 

2.  That  under  section  20  of  that  act  any  .person  who  acts  within  this 
State  as  an  agent  or  collector  of  any  such  association,  which  has  not 
obtained  from  the  Superintendant  a  certificate  of  authority  to  transact 
business  here,  is  guilty  of  a  misdemeanor,  and  upon  conviction  thereof 
may  be  punished  by  a  fine  of  not  less  than  $100.00  or  more  than  $500.00, 
or  by  imprisonment  in  a  county  jail  for  not  less  than  ten  days  or 
more  than  one  year. 

Page  85. 

3.  .'\ny  citizen  in  the  state  knowing  or  having  reason  to  believe  that 
any  person  has  been  guilty  of  the  offense  specified  in  the  20th  section 
may  make  a  complaint  in  due  form  to  the  proper  magistrate  in  the 
county  where  the  offense  was  committed. 

4".  It  is  the  duty  of  the  District  Attorney  upon  complaint  being  made 
to  him  that  such  an  offense  has  been  committed  to  submit  all  cases  of 
this  character  to  the  next  Grand  jury  that  sits  in  the  county,  for  their 
action,  and  if  an  indictment  is  found  it  is  his  duty  to  cause  the  offender 
to  be  arrested  and  brought  to  trial. 

I  think  I  have  fully  outlined  the  method  of  procedure  for  the  supres- 
sion  of  the  business  of  unauthorized  insurance  in  this  State  of  the 
character  referred  to  in  your  letter.  I  am  not  aware  of  any  other 
remedy  than  the  one  I  have  pointed  out. 

Very  truly  yours, 

Chas.  F.  Tabor,  Attorney  General. 


144  NEW    STANDARD    SHORTHAND. 

SPEECH  BEFORE  THE  HOUSE  OF  REPRESENTATIVES, 

Page   105. 

1. — Mr.  Chairman:  In  the  brief  remarks  which  I  desire  to  make  on  the 
2. — bill  under  consideration,  I  do  not  propose  to  discuss  at — 3. — length 
the  arguments  which  gentlemen  on  both  sides  of  the  House — 4. — have 
already  fully  presented,  nor  shall  I  attempt  to — 5. — review  or  to  put  a 
new  meaning  into  the  great — 6. — mass  of  custom  figures  which  have 
been  so  carefully — 7. — prepared  and  explained  by  the  gentlemen  who 
have  preceded  me.  8. — I  do  not  intend  to  debate  the  question  whether 
or  not  we  shall— 9. — have  a  tariff  or  whether  that  tariff  shall  be  one  for 
protection — 10. — or  not.  I  assume  that  whether  this  bill  passes  or — 11. 
— not  we  shall  continue  to  have  in  this  country  a  protective — 12. — 
tariff,  and  that  protective  -tariff,  if  it  be  fairly  adjusted, — 13.— if  its 
burdens  be  distributed  with  justice  so  far  as  the — 14. — interests  of  my 
constituents  are  concerned,  I  expect — 15. — to  defend  and  advocate  it  as 
long  as  I  live.  And — 16. — as  long  as  I  live,  whenever  I  find  in  the  tariff 
laws — 17. — or  in  any  other  of  the  laws  which  affect  the  people  whom  I 

Page  106. 

1 . — represent,  anything  which  seems  to  me  in  any  degree  unfair  or — 
2. — unjust,  I  shall  not  hesitate  to  advocate  their  revision  and — 3. — 
amendment.  {Applause).  I  propose  here  to  discuss  only  what — 4. — 
seems  to  me  to  be  the  question  before  the  House,  whether  or  not — 5. — 
the  present  tariff  and  free  list  which  accompanies  it — 6. — should  remain 
unchanged  during  the  existence  of  the  50th  Congress.  In  the — 7. — 
discussion  of  this  question  I  shall  not  attempt  to  imitate — 8. — the 
gentlemen  who  have  with  such  wonderful  patience  and  industry — 9. — 
examined  the  views  of  the  earlier  presidents  and  construction  of  the 
tariff — 10. — of  1789,  and  who  have  so  carefully  reviewed  the  whole 
course  of — 11. — legislation  on  this  subject  since  the  foundation  of  the 
Republic.  12. — For  my  part  and  with  the  utmost  deference  to  the  learn- 
ing— 13. — and  ability  of  the  gentlemen  who  have  spoken,  I  am  forced 
to  believe  that — 14. — owing  to  the  changes  in  transportation,  invention 
of  new  machinery, — 15. — the  growth  and  development  of  the  country  and 
improvements  which  have — 16. — accomplished  modern  civilization,  here 


KEY    TO    THE    SHORTHAND    PLATES.  145 

and  all  ovet  the  world,  that  the — 17. — problem  presented  to  us  is  entirely 
different  from  that — 18. — considered  by  the  earlier  contestants  over  these 
questions. 

BIBLE  SELECTIONS,  Page  107. 

1. — Let  the  wicked  forsake  his  way  and  the  unrighteous  man  his 
thoughts — 2. — and  let  him  return  to  our  Lord  and  he  will  have  mercy 
upon — 3. — him  and  to  our  God  for  He  will  abundantly  pardon.  But 
seek — 4. — ye  first  the  kingdom  of  God  and  His  righteousness  and  all  these 
things  shall  be — 5. — added  unto  you.  I  say  unto  you  that  likewise  joy 
shall  be — 6. — in  heaven  over  one  sinner  that  repenteth  more  than  over 
ninety — 7. — and  nine  just  persons  which  need  no  repentance.  8. — For 
we  know  that  if  our  earthly  house  of  this  tabernacle  be — 9 — dissolved 
we  have  a  building  of  God,  a  house  not  made — 10. — with  hands,  eternal 
in  the  heavens.  Thou  shalt  love  the — 11. — Lord  thy  God  with  all  thy 
heart  and  with  all  thy  soul — 12. — and  with  all  thy  mind  and  with  all  thy 
strength.  Go  ye — 13. — therefore  and  make  disciples  of  all  nations, 
baptising  them — 14. — into  the  name  of  the  Father  and  of  the  Son  and  of 
the  Holy  Ghost — 15. — teaching  them  to  observe  all  things  whatsoever  I 
command — 16.— you,  and  lo,  I  am  with  you  always  even  unto  the  end — 
17. — of  the  world.     Behold,  I  stand  at  the  door  and  knock. 

COURT  TESTIMONY,  Page  108. 

J.  C.  Walker,  a  witness  for  the  plaintiff,  being  duly  sworn,  testifies 
as  follows: 

Direct  Examination  by  Hon.  S.  P.  Tanner. 

Q.  What  is  your  occupation  or  business?  A.  I  am  a  real  estate 
dealer,  but  at  the  present  time  I  am  engaged  in  the  insurance  business. 

Q.     Where  do  you  reside  ?     A.     At  496  Market  street,  this  city. 

Q.     Do  you  know  the  plaintiff  in  this  action  ?     A.     Yes,  sir,  I  do. 

Q.  How  long  have  you  known  him?  A.  I  have  been  acquainted 
with  him  for  more  than  twenty  year 

Q.  Please  state  whether  or  not  you  have  had  any  business  relations 
with  him  during  these  twenty  years.     A.     No,  sir,  none  to  speak  of. 


146  NEW  STANDARD  SHORTHAND. 

Q.  Well,  go  on  and  state  as  near  as  you  can  the  conversation  that 
took  place  between  you  and  the  defendant  at  the  time  of  your  last 
meeting. 

Objected  to  as  irrelevant,  immaterial  and  having  no  bearing  upon  the 
issues  of  the  case. 

Objection  overruled;  exception  taken. 

Cross  Examination  by  Mr.  A.  T.  Leonard. 

You  may  examine  this  note  (paper  handed  to  witness)  and  state 
whether  or  not  this  is  your  own  signature  signed  at  the  bottom.  A. 
Yes,  sir.     I  believe  that  is  my  own  handwriting. 

Q.  Do  you  recollect  having  given  that  note  to  the  defendant  some 
years  ago  ? 


DERIVATIVES  OF  CONTEAOTIOlirS. 

Eeporting  Contractions,  page  80.  Text  book. 
thereabouts  arcord-ed  accordingly  accordance 

■\  '<f  6-  ^ 

advantages  advantageous       advantageously    adva  ntage.o.usness 

°7  ^  °^-  "Zi.    " 

advertised  advertises  advertising  advertiser^ 


ndvertisemenl  appropriated       appropriates  appropriately 

appropriating        appropriateness    appropriation       inappropriaie 


after-  noon 


after-thought        accomplished  accornJ>Mskes 


accomplishing         accomplishment   businesses 
capabilities  capableness  incapable 


O 
capability 


convemency 
inconveniently         christians  christiamze  nnchristianly 

circumstances        circumstantial    circumstantially    circiimstant tality 

Y 

commons 


covimonness         common-place        uncommonly 
commonalty  common-wealth    commences         '    commencing 

comjnencement  defendants  establish-ed  establishes 

establishers  establishment        establishing 

gloried 


familiarizing  fain  iliarly 

glorify 

gloriousness 


glorification       glorying 
dn^lorious  hands 


DEKIVATIVES     OF     CONTRACTIONS— Conciwded. 
handed 


hand-bill 
handsome 


Ignorance 
objective 

> 

■proposes 


handful 
(magnificently 


objects  objective                 objection 

.N  >           N 

objector  proposes                proposition 

particularize  particiilarisation  peculiarity 


representation    representative^     revolutionary 

subjectively  X    suggestion      /     suggestive^_^^ 

scriptural  signifying  signification 


superintending  whether  or  not       kingly 


OTHER  DERIVATIVES 

americanize        faction-al  facsimile 

legislative  possession 

public-highway  public-house 

.  \,  "^ 

richness  security 

strengthening 


procession 
questionable 


severalty 


handily 
necessarily 
objectionable 
particularly 


periodically 
revolutionist 


sufficiency 
<- 9 

superintendence 
kingfisher 

judging 

I—. 

publication 

\ 

r  I  dies 

V 

spiritless 


Other  derivatives  of  these  coiuractions  wlllTje  foupd  in  tlie  Yocabujary. 


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